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How many motor neurons are required to
conduct an action potential from the spinal cord
to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine?
1.
2.
3.
4.
One
Two
Four
Six
What physiological changes occur in someone who
is confronted by a large, vicious, growling dog?
1. Decrease in metabolic rate and heart rate
2. Decrease in mental alertness and dilation of
respiratory passageways
3. Increase in heart rate and blood pressure
4. Increased action of salivary and digestive
glands
On the basis of anatomy, how do you
distinguish the sympathetic division from the
parasympathetic division of the ANS?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Origin of preganglionic fibers
Number of preganglionic fibers
Location of PNS ganglia
Both 1 and 3 are correct
Which of these statements does not describe the
parasympathetic division of the ANS?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It is also called the craniosacral division.
Preganglionic fibers originate in the brain stem.
Preganglionic fibers are short.
Postganglionic fibers synapse in ganglia close
to or in target organs.
Where do the nerves that synapse in
collateral ganglia originate?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lateral gray horns of the spinal cord between
spinal segments T5 and L2
Anterior gray horns of the spinal cord between
spinal segments T1 and L2
Dorsal gray horns of the spinal cord
In the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal
cord
Which structure contains a modified
sympathetic ganglion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Splanchnic nerves
Adrenal medulla
Collateral ganglia
How is the adrenal medulla able to affect
target cells throughout the body?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It releases hormones into ducts within itself.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine act as
hormones and travel through capillaries.
Effects are shorter lasting than those produced
by sympathetic innervation.
It has long postganglionic fibers.
How does a drug that stimulates acetylcholine
receptors affect the sympathetic nervous system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The drug blocks sympathetic activity.
The drug decreases sympathetic activity.
The drug inhibits the parasympathetic division.
The drug increases sympathetic activity.
How does a b blocker mediate high blood
pressure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The drug aids parasympathetic stimulation.
The drug decreases blood volume.
The drug prevents sympathetic stimulation.
None of the above is correct.
Stimulation of b receptors leads to all of the following
except _____?
1. Increase in metabolic activity of skeletal muscles
2. Breakdown of stored triglycerides
3. Constriction of smooth muscle along respiratory
passageways
4. Increase in heart rate and force of contraction
Since the sympathetic division travels through T1–
L2, how are the organs of the head supplied with
sympathetic innervation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
There is no sympathetic innervation to the head.
Preganglionic fibers ascend through the
sympathetic trunk to cervical sympathetic ganglia.
Preganglionic fibers ascend through collateral
ganglia.
None of these is correct.
Which nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic
innervation of the lungs, heart, stomach, liver,
pancreas, and parts of the small and large intestines?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Greater splanchnic nerve
Vagus nerve
Facial nerve
How does stimulation of muscarinic receptors
in cardiac muscle affect the heart?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Increased cardiac tone
Increased heart rate
Decreased cardiac contractile force
Decreased heart rate
Why is the parasympathetic division sometimes
referred to as the “anabolic system”?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Its stimulation increases nutrient content of blood.
Its stimulation leads to skeletal muscle growth.
It increases lipolysis and the breakdown of
glycogen.
Its stimulation leads to a feeling of energy and
euphoria.
Which neurotransmitter is released by all neurons
of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Monoamine oxidase
What are the two types of ACh receptors located on
postsynaptic membranes of parasympathetic
neurons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Alpha and Beta receptors
Beta1 and Beta2 receptors
G proteins and 2nd messengers
Which of these are not symptoms of muscarine
poisoning?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vomiting and diarrhea
High blood pressure and rapid HR
Salivation and nausea
Low BP and bradycardia
What physiological changes occur in an anxious
patient who is about to undergo a root canal
procedure?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Decrease in motility of digestive tract
Increased heart rate
Increased breathing rate
All of the above
Which of the following is correct concerning
dual innervation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It allows nerves to maintain a background level of
activity.
Organs receive information from both
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
ANS.
Where it exists, the two divisions have the same
effects.
All of the above are correct.
Harry has a brain tumor that is interfering with
the function of his hypothalamus. Could this
tumor interfere with autonomic function? Why or
why not?
1. Yes; hypothalamus regulates ANS.
2. Yes; all brain tumors affect ANS functioning.
3. No; ANS has no relationship with the
hypothalamus.
4. No; ANS function is regulated by thalamus.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of
higher order functions?
1. Requires cerebral cortex
2. Involves conscious and unconscious
processing
3. Part of the programmed wiring of the brain
4. Subject to modification over time
As you recall facts while you take your A&P
test, which type of memory are you using?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Long term memory
Skill memory
Memory consolidation
Short term memory
Which brain structure(s) aid(s) in making
the transition from short term memory to
long term memory?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hippocampus
Amygdaloid body
Nucleus basalis
All of the above are correct
Which of these is a fact pertaining to REM sleep?
1. Activity of the cerebral cortex is at a minimum.
2. Energy use declines by about 30%.
3. There is intense inhibition of somatic motor
neurons.
4. BP declines by about 30%.
How does LSD affect the brain stem,
hypothalamus, and limbic system? What is the
result?
1. Activates serotonin receptors/hallucinations
2. Decreases dopamine secretion/Parkinsonlike disorder
3. Decreases availability of
serotonin/depression
4. Increases dopamine secretion/schizophrenia
Which of the following is a consequence of
age-related changes in the synaptic
organization of the brain?
1.
2.
3.
4.
There is a reduction in rate of blood flow in arteries
around the brain.
The number of dendritic branches and
interneuronal interconnections decrease.
Neurons in the brain accumulate abnormal
intracellular deposits.
The gyri are narrower and sulci are wider.