Download May 6, 1945

The Holocaust
CHC2P – Unit Three - WWII
Anti- Semtism
Ghettos
Registration
Identification
Building the Wall
Daily Life
The Jews of the ghetto had no idea
what the Germans had in mind. At first,
they thought the Nazis were trying to
starve them to death or kill them off
with plagues.
Over 75,000 people died of
disease and starvation.
Deportation
•
The Judenrat is informed of the following:
All Jewish persons living in Warsaw, regardless of age and sex, will be resettled in the
East.
•
The following are excluded from the resettlement:
– All Jewish persons employed by German Authorities or enterprises, and who can
show proof of this fact.
– All Jewish persons who are members or employees of the Judenrat (on the day of
the publication of this regulation).
– All Jewish persons who are employed by a Reich-German company and can show
proof of the fact.
– All Jews capable of work who have up to now not been brought into the labor process
are to be taken to the barracks in the Jewish quarter.
– All Jewish persons who belong to the staff of the Jewish hospitals. This applies also
to the members of the Jewish Disinfection Team.
– All Jewish persons who belong to the Jewish Police (Juedischer Ordnungsdienst).
– All Jewish persons who are first-degree relatives of the person listed under a)
through f). Such relatives are exclusively wives and children.
– All Jewish persons who are hospitalized in one of the Jewish hospitals on the first
day of the resettlement and are not fit to be discharged. Fitness for the discharge will
be decided by a doctor to be appointed by the Judenrat.
– Every Jew being resettled may take 15 kgs. of his property as baggage. All valuables
such as gold, jewelry, money, etc., may be taken. Food is to be taken for three days.
•
The resettlement will begin at 11:00 o’clock on July 22, 1942. In the course of the
resettlement the Judenrat will have the following tasks, for the precise execution of which
the members of the Judenrat will answer with their lives....
Moving to the Camps
Concentration and Death Camps
Map of Eastern Europe, indicating locations of major Nazi
concentration and death camps.
Camp
Function
Location
Established
Liberated
Auschwitz
Concentration/
Extermination
Oswiecim, Poland (near
Krakow)
May 26, 1940
January 27, 1945
by Soviets
Belzec
Extermination
Belzec, Poland
March 17, 1942
Liquidated by Nazis
December 1942
Bergen-Belsen
Detention;
Concentration (After 3/44)
near Hanover, Germany
April 1943
April 15, 1945 by
British
Closed March 1943 (but
reopened);
Liquidated by Nazis
July 1944
Est. No. Murdered
1,100,000
600,000
35,000
Chelmno
Extermination
Chelmno, Poland
December 7, 1941;
June 23, 1944
Dachau
Concentration
Dachau, Germany (near
Munich)
March 22, 1933
April 29, 1945
by Americans
32,000
Gross-Rosen
Sub-camp of Sachsenhausen;
Concentration
near Wroclaw, Poland
August 1940
May 8, 1945 by Soviets
40,000
Koldichevo
Concentration
Baranovichi, Belarus
Summer 1942
Majdanek
Concentration/
Extermination
Lublin, Poland
February 16, 1943
July 22, 1944
by Soviets
360,000
Mauthausen
Concentration
Mauthausen, Austria (near
Linz)
August 8, 1938
May 5, 1945
by Americans
120,000
Natzweiler/Struthof
Concentration
Natzweiler, France (near
Strasbourg)
May 1, 1941
Neuengamme
Sub-camp of Sachsenhausen;
Concentration (After 6/40)
Hamburg, Germany
December 13, 1938
May 1945
by British
Plaszow
Concentration (After 1/44)
Krakow, Poland
October 1942
January 15, 1945 by
Soviets
Sobibor
Extermination
Sobibor, Poland (near
Lublin)
March 1942
Summer 1944
by Soviets
250,000
Stutthof
Concentration (After 1/42)
near Danzig, Poland
September 2, 1939
May 9, 1945
by Soviets
65,000
Theresienstadt
Concentration
Terezin, Czech Republic
(near Prague)
November 24, 1941
May 8, 1945
by Soviets
33,000
320,000
22,000
12,000
56,000
8,000
Auschwitz Camp
Overview
Oswiecim, Poland
Death, extermination camp
April 27, 1940 Heinrich Himmler ordered established
Kommandant was Rudolf Höss
"Black Wall" near Block 11 was where prisoners executed
667 prisoners escaped; 270 recaptured and executed
January 27, 1945 Soviet troops liberated
Aerial Picture of Auschwitz I: the Main Camp
An aerial reconnaissance photograph of the Auschwitz concentration
camp showing Auschwitz I. (August 25, 1944)
Picture of the Entrance into Auschwitz
View of the entrance to the main camp of Auschwitz (Auschwitz I). The
gate bears the motto "Arbeit Macht Frei" (Work makes one free).
Picture of the Double Electric Fence of Auschwitz
View of the camp's double, electrified, barbed wire fence and barracks.
(Immediately after liberation January 1945)
Picture of the Gas Chamber in Auschwitz I
View of the walled entrance to the gas chamber in the main camp of
Auschwitz (Auschwitz I). This gas chamber was in use for only a short
time before being converted into a bomb shelter. In the background is a
building used by the Gestapo as a regional headquarters. (April 1945)
Picture of a Door to a Gas Chamber in Auschwitz
A door to a gas chamber in Auschwitz.
The note reads: Harmful gas! Entering endangers your life.
Registration of Prisoners
Newly arrived prisoners undressing before they are
washed and shaved
Washing and shaving newly arrived prisoners in the
Buchenwald concentration camp. (1940)
Six thousand prisoners wait in the camp courtyard
for disinfection. After 24 hours, nearly 140 had died.
(July 1941)
Roll-Call
Barracks
Experimentation
A prisoner being suspended and subjected
to low pressure experimentation. (March August 1942)
A prisoner who has been subjected to low pressure experimentation.
For the benefit of the Luftwaffe, air pressures were created
comparable to those found at 15,000 meters in altitude, in an effort to
determine how high German pilots could fly and survive. (March August 1942)
A guide shows jars containing human organs removed from
prisoners in Buchenwald to Jack Levine, an American soldier. (May
27, 1945)
An exhibit of human remains and artifacts retrieved by the
American Army from a pathology laboratory run by the SS in
Buchenwald. These items were used as evidence of SS atrocities
in the Buchenwald war crimes trial held at Dachau, Germany.
(April 16, 1945)
The Female Camps
Ravensbrück (Germany)
Location: North of Germany, near
Furstenberg
Established on: Autumn 1938
Liberation: April 30th, 1945, by the
Russian Army.
Estimated number of victims: 92,000
Sub-camps: 31 sub-camps and external
kommandos
General view of Ravensbrück.
The "Walzkommando" in Ravensbrück: the punished
women had to pull this roller until they died.
Experimentation
Women Sent to be Gassed
The Uckermark "Youth Camp"
Horrors of War
Remains of the Nazi Regime
A large pile of prayer shawls that were confiscated from
arriving prisoners, are stored in one of the warehouses in
Auschwitz. (After January 27, 1945)
A warehouse full of shoes and clothing confiscated from the prisoners and
deportees gassed upon their arrival. The Germans shipped these goods to
Germany. (After January 1945)
Freedom - Liberation
Joseph Schleifstein, a 5 year old survivor
of Buchenwald. (After May 1945)
Prisoners in Rivesaltes on line for food distributed
by relief agencies.
Survivors queing up for rations provided by the
British Army. (Bergen-Belsen) (April 28, 1945)
The Aftermath
German civilians, under the supervision of
American soldiers, are forced to see the results of
crimes committed by the SS in Buchenwald. (April
11 - May 1945)
German civilians from the town of Nordhausen bury
the corpses of prisoners found in the Nordhausen
concentration camp in mass graves. (April 13-14,
1945)
American soldiers of the U.S. 7th Army, force boys
believed to be Hitler youth, to examine boxcars
containing bodies of prisoners starved to death by
the SS. (April 30, 1945)
During a compulsory tour of the Woebbelin
concentration camp, German civilians view corpses
of prisoners in one of the barracks. (May 6, 1945)
American troops with the 82nd Airborne Division
look on as Germans exhume corpses from a mass
grave. (May 6, 1945)
Under orders from the U.S. Army, Austrian civilians
dig mass graves for corpses found in Gusen. (May
5-10, 1945)
On orders from the U.S. Army, Austrian citizens
remove corpses from the "Russian camp" section of
Mauthausen for burial in a mass grave.
(May 10 - May 15, 1945)
Gen. Dwight Eisenhower and other U.S. Army officers
view the bodies of executed prisoners while on a tour
of the Ohrdruf concentration camp. (April 12, 1945)
A group of American editors and publishers in
Dachau are shown the corpses of prisoners during
an inspection of the camp. (May 4, 1945)
A British Army truck transporting corpses to
mass graves for burial. (April 28, 1945)
Prisoners' bodies laid out in a mass grave.
(May 10-15, 1945)
Funeral of inmates who could not be saved or who were
killed by the SS before the liberation of Auschwitz. (1945)
At least 60 million people lost their
lives in World War II —about 25
million soldiers and 35 million
civilians, with estimates varying
widely.
This includes the estimated 10
million lives lost due to the
Holocaust, consisting of about 6
million Jews and 4 million nonJews made up of Poles, Roma,
homosexuals, communists,
defectors, Afro-Germans, the
disabled, Soviet prisoners, and
others.
Allied forces suffered
approximately 17 million military
deaths (of which more than 10
million were Soviet and 4 million
Chinese) and Axis forces suffered
7 million (of which more than 5
million were German).
The Soviet Union suffered by far
the largest death toll— about 20
to 28 million Soviets died in total,
of which 13 to 20 million were
civilians.
Of the total deaths in World War II
approximately 80% were on the
Allied side and 20% on the Axis
side.
Auschwitz I concentration camp
2001
Entrance to Auschwitz II (Birkenau), the main extermination camp, in 2002
Ruins at Auschwitz Concentration Camp (Birkenau),
a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2002)
Crematorium
At Auschwitz-Birkenau there were ash pools near
crematoria II,III,IV,and V which were used to
dispose of the human ashes.