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Rise of Hitler Timeline and Pageant Ch 34 annotated notes America and Totalitarian Rule The London Conference * wanted to stabilize currencies, exchange rates and revive world trade * Roosevelt wanted to send an American delegation but did not want to limit his own options in an international agreement London Conferen ce of 1933 London Conference continued • Roosevelt was unwilling to sacrifice domestic recovery for international cooperation • conference adjourned empty-handed and the push toward extreme nationalism continued G20 Summit of 2009 Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians • The Great Depression ended Pres. McKinley’s imperialistic dream in the Far East • Everyday Americans wanted to eliminate Filipino competition in wage earners and Sugar Producers • Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934- By 1946 America agreed to relinquish its army bases, but naval bases were reserved for future discussion and retention. Continued • Japanese Militarists felt they had little to fear after America relinquished the Philippines • Roosevelt recognized the Soviet Union in 1933 • Hoped to trade with Soviet Russia and create an ally to the possible threat of German power in Europe and Japanese power in Asia Becoming a Good Neighbor • Roosevelt wanted a Western Hemisphere with Latin America • 1933, Seventh Pan American Conference in Uruguay the U.S. delegation formally endorsed nonintervention • Acid-test of Mexico- Mexican Gov siezes American oil properties in 1938 • American investors demanded armed intervention to repossess their businesses-Roosevelt said no and initiated a settlement-increased his Popularity in LA Re-cap: Treaty of Versailles • Germany was excluded from negotiations • Vengeance not reconciliation was the dominant tone • German land was ceded to France, Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, League of Nations and Poland • Military reduced • Admit guilt, pay for damages caused by war • All Germans angry Storm-Celler Isolationism • Great Depression+ Chaos in Europe spawned the spread of totalitarianism • The individual was nothing; the state was everything • Joseph Stalin in USSR, Benito Mussolini in Fascist Italy, and Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany • Hitler most dangerous because he combined tremendous power with impulsiveness • Used the Treaty of Versailles and Germany’s depression-spawned unemployment as political Capital Benito Mussolini Continued • German people saw no other hope of escape from the plague of economic chaos and national disgrace • Hitler withdrew Germany from the League of Nations in 1933 and began rearming • Italy and Germany become allies Mussolini and Hitler July 1932: NSDAP wins elections with 37% of the vote. March 1933: Nazis pass legislation giving Hitler the right to make laws without approval of the parliament. The Nazis influence all aspects of German life. Aug. 1934: President Paul von Hindenburg dies. Hitler declares himself president, chancellor, and Fuhrer of Germany. He also begins eliminating his opponents in Germany 1934-1938: Hitler rejects the Versailles treaty, reoccupies the Rhineland and annexes Austria (March 1938). Japan pg 804 • Japan considered themselves a have-not power like Germany and Italy • Resented the Treaty of Versailles and demanded more space for its teeming millions cooped up on its crowded island nation • Terminated the 12 year old Washington Naval Treaty • In 1940 Japan joined Italy and Germany in the Tripartite Pact Hideki Tojo Japanese General Mussolini in Italy • Attacks Ethiopia in 1935 • League of Nations could have caused Mussolini’s war machine to creak to a halt if they had embargoed oil • But instead chose not to risk global hostilities American Isolationism • 1934 Johnson Debt Default Act prevented debt dodging nations from further borrowing from the U.S. • Many Americans saw WWI as a disaster and did not want to make the same mistake again Congress Legislates Neutrality • Underlying belief that soulless business men caused WWI to make money • The neutrality Acts of 1935, 36, and 37 explained that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect • No American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans to a belligerent • Neutrality Acts were short sighted, America naively thought the decision for peace or war was in it’s own hands, regardless of world affairs. • America missed an opportunity to use it’s power and curb aggressors by making no distinction b/w brutal aggressors and innocent victims • America Dooms Loyalist Spain Spanish Civil War 19361939 Spanish Rebels led by Francisco Franco vs Left leaning Republican government • Proved to be a “dress rehearsal” for WWII • Hitler and Mussolini aided Franco and Loyalist Regime headed by Soviets • US refused to sell arms to the desperate Loyalists and the Dictator Franco won the war Francisco Franco Appeasing Japan and Germany • 1937 Japan invades China- “Curtain Raiser of WWII” • America’s isolationist mood intensified • Hitler instituted a compulsory military service • 1935 Hitler began persecuting the Jewish population •Hitler occupies Germanspeaking Austria, March 1938 •September 30, 1938 The Munich Pact is signed by Hitler and British PM Neville Chamberlain. Hitler agrees to cease expansion in return for annexing the Sudetenland. Chamberlain proclaimed, “Peace for our time!” •October 1, 1938: Hitler annexes the Sudetenland (parts of Czechoslovakia) •Democratic countries hoped that The Munich Pact would quell Hitler’s thirst for power and bring peace •March 1939 less than six months later Hitler erased the rest of Czech from the map •August 1939 Stalin and Hitler sign a nonaggression treaty, this gave Hitler the Green Light because he would not have to fight a war on two fronts •September 1939: Hitler invades Poland after Poland refuses to return areas of Germany ceded to them after WWI, WWII begins in Europe. •America responds with Neutrality Act of 1939 that stated European democracies could buy American war materials on a “cash and carry basis” • Cash and Carry Bill: America could avoid loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers • Overseas demand for war goods brought a sharp upswing from the recession of 1937-1938 and ultimately solved the decade-long unemployment crisis • Destroyer deal with Britain US transfers 50 old model destroyers left over from WWI to Great Britain in return for 8 defensive bases for 99 years • FDR runs for a third term and wins • Lend-Lease Bill would send a limitless supply of arms to the victims of aggression, who in turn would keep the war on their side of the Atlantic. WWII During preparation for WWII National Debt decreased dramatically • Lend Lease Bill was one of the most momentous laws ever to pass Congress and marked the abandonment of neutrality • Hitler recognized this as a declaration of war • Fall of France in June 1940 • Hitler invades Soviet Union one year later • Pearl Harbor December 7 1941 Forced Choices A. No government should be allowed to endanger the life and safety of its citizens without their consent. B. The government should ensure that a person who is willing to work hard is able to acquire a secure job, a nice home, and a comfortable lifestyle. C. A citizen has the responsibility to obey and support the legitimate leaders of his or her nation. D. Being happy is the most important thing in life , and the government should not interfere with individual happiness. E. An individual should place the safety and well-being of his or her family above all else. F. God’s laws are more important than man’s laws. G. “I regret I have but one life to give for my country” H. Being successful is the most important thing in life. I. Individuals should be permitted by the government to express what they believe, regardless of who disagrees with them. J. All people have a duty to care for their fellow human beings. K. Individual citizens should accept that the interests of the nation take priority over their personal interests.