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WORLD WAR II Ch. 15 A Rumor of War 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria The 1933 – Hitler withdraws from the League of Nations and re-arms Germany The League and the US do nothing League does nothing 1934 – Japan withdraws from the League of Nations and fails to renew the Washington Naval Treaty A Rumor of War 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia The League does nothing The US does nothing; forbids African Americans from sending aid to support Ethiopia Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 The US would not trade arms or give loans to any belligerents in time of war Is this what we really want? “No Foreign Entanglements” A Rumor of War 1936-1939 – the Spanish Civil War 1937 – Japan invades further into China The US does nothing March 1938 – Anschluss The US remains strictly neutral while other powers intervene Hitler brought Austria into his Reich September 1938 – Munich Conference “Appeasement” Allowed Hitler to claim Sudentenland March 1939 – Germany annexes Czechoslovakia A Rumor of War August 1939 – Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact And secretly – to divide Poland in half September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland Blitzkrieg- “Lightning war”- speed and firepower to penetrate into enemy territory World War II begins Neutrality Act of 1939 “Cash and Carry”- buy arms from US with cash and transport the goods themselves June 1940 – the fall of Paris Early World War II June 1940 – the fall of Paris Early World War II 1940-1941 – the Battle of Britain The “Blitz” Blitz Film Edward R. Murrow “This…is London” Churchill We Shall Fight Speech Early World War II Public opinion in the US Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies America First Committee Charles Lindbergh- leading isolationist voice Believed real threats to America were Soviet Union and Japan--- shouldn’t waste our time saving Britain Early World War II – America’s Response 1935, 1937, 1939 – Neutrality Acts September 1940 – the Destroyer Deal “cash and carry” September 1940 – Japan, Germany, and Italy form the Tripartite Pact Late 1940 – Mid 1941 – Increasing embargoes on supplies (especially oil) to Japan January 1941 – the Four Freedoms Speech Freedom from fear, freedom from want, freedom of speech, freedom of religion March 1941 - Lend-Lease Act The Tripartite Pact Prelude to War June 1941 – Germany invades the Soviet Union The Great Patriotic War Soviet resistance and harsh winter stops their advance Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa y y 3,000,000 German soldiers. 3,400 tanks. Atlantic Charter 1941 Conference between Churchill and FDR Outlined plans for world peace, including the UN USSR adopts agreements The War December 7, 1941 – “A date which will live in infamy” The attack on Pearl Harbor 2,500 US people killed 15 ships destroyed or damaged 288 aircraft destroyed or damaged Could prevent Americans from mounting a resistance against Japan False sense of security in the harbor US declares war Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot FDR Asks for War Mobilizing for War US army and navy numbers doubled All races joined the fight Women’s Army Corps (WAC) was established Provided instructors, truck drivers, lab technicians WPB and OWM supervised war efforts in industry Europe and North Africa The War “Europe First” policy Battle of the Atlantic Sonar Radar 1942 – the year of turning points El Alamein- British won victory Stalingrad- ended realistic plans for Hitler to dominate Europe Midway- ended Japanese advance in the pacific Operation Torch Invade North Africa Nov. ‘42 – Dwight Eisenhower in command. American loss to Germans at Kasserine pass George Patton Jr. takes charge. US and British begin to drive east Forced Germans to surrender in Tunisia May ‘43 Invasion of Italy July ‘43 Allies invade Italy Axis forces escaped to Italian mainland Allies gained control of western Mediterranean Mussolini rule ended Italy surrendered to Allies Fighting continued between Germans and Allies The Italian Campaign Sicily: June 1943 General George S. Patton Tehran Conference Late November 1943 Stalin pushes for a second front Roosevelt and Churchill concede some control in eastern Europe to Stalin D-Day “Operation Overlord” Eisenhower in command June 6, 1944 Biggest amphibious invasion in history British and American troops to land in 5 beaches at Normandy Americans in heavy fighting at Omaha Beach Mantle of leadership transfers to US D-Day Scene D-Day Eisenhower Gives the Orders for “Operation Overlord” D-Day: June 6, 1944 Normandy Landing German Prisoners Higgins Landing Crafts The Battle of the Bulge Fall 1944 Hitler’s last offensive Nearly breaks Allied lines Germans caught Allies by surprise and created a bulge in the American line and captured several towns. Allied bombers attacked German lines and pushed Germans out of France Battle of the Bulge Video Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge Yalta Conference • • • • • FDR wants quick Soviet entry into Pacific war FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs buffer FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak Germany Churchill wants strong Germany as buffer against Stalin FDR argues for a ‘United Nations’ The Yalta Conference Free elections for Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania Division of Korea at 38th Parallel The Big Three at Yalta US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River April 25, 1945 V-E Day V-E Day Potsdam Conference A different Big Three? (Stalin, Truman, Atlee) Germany divided into four zones: French, British, US, USSR New borders for Poland The Big Three at Potsdam New President FDR dies 1945 Harry S. Truman became the nations new president The Pacific Fighting in the Pacific General MacArthur commanded forces in the Philippines Struggled to hold position Japanese forces attacked and pushed the Allies to the Bataan Peninsula The soldiers surrendered Japanese troops forced the POWs to march 55 miles up the peninsula to reach a railway (Bataan Death March) 7000 soldiers died Bataan Death March 76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines. Fighting in the Pacific Doolittle Raid Colonel Doolittle led American B-25 bombers against Tokyo Killed 50 people and damaged 100 buildings Boosted American morale Battle of Coral Sea USS Lexington and USS Yorktown fought Japanese warships Never saw each other, sent airplanes to attack ships Ended in a draw The Pacific Battle of Midway June 1942 Turning point of war in the Pacific Japanese navy on the defensive Admiral Chester Nimitz Battle of Midway June 4-6, 1942