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CHAPTER 26
The Second World War,
1940 - 1945
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War in Europe
 Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939)
 Germany blitzkriegs Poland in September 1939
 Britain and France declare war on Germany
 Germany invades Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg
 France falls June 22, 1940
 Dunkirk flotilla
 Winston Churchill
 FDR wins third term as president
 Wendell Wilkie
The End of Neutrality
 Lend-Lease program begins in 1941
 USS Reuben James
 Germany breaks pact, invades Russia, June 1941
 Churchill and FDR sign Atlantic Charter
 Japanese aggression in Pacific escalates
 Gunboat Panay
 Pearl Harbor
 18 warships, 300 planes, and 2,400 Americans lost
 U.S. suffers early defeats while gearing up for war
 Japanese took Guam, Wake Island, and Philippines

Douglas MacArthur
The Homefront
 War ends Depression
 Americans go to work in defense industries
 War Production Board
 Revenue Act of 1942
 17 million new jobs created during war
 Americans were “making do” now that “We’re all
in this together”


Rationing leads to shortages
Baseball became part of war effort
Opportunity and Discrimination
 Women and minorities fill traditional men’s roles
and new work roles

6 million women took defense jobs
 “Rosie the Riveter” becomes American icon
 “Double-V Campaign” is adopted by blacks
 Fair Employment Practices Committee
 Executive Order #8802 bars discrimination in
federal jobs, but discrimination continues
 Japanese-American internment


Executive Order 9066
Hirabayashi v. United States
Japanese American Relocation
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The Grand Alliance
 Russian army fights virtually alone against Germany
 Stalingrad
 Western Allies concentrate on North Africa and Italy
 Mussolini killed in April, 1945
 Tehran Conference
 Normandy invasion begins in June 1944
 3 million men in Operation Overlord
 Omaha Beach
 Paris liberated in August, 1944
 Germans counter-attack in Battle of the Bulge
The Grand Alliance (cont.’d)
 Allies converge on Berlin
 Discovered extermination camps
 6 million Jews and 4 million others killed
 Dachau and Auschwitz
 War Refuge Board
 Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin Bunker, April
20, 1945
 War in Europe ends May 7, 1945
Allied Military Strategy in North Africa, Italy, and France
Allied
Advances and
the Collapse
of German
Power
The Pacific War
 Battle of Coral Sea halts Japanese invasion of
Australia
 Battle of Midway U.S. forces retake territory
 America remains on offensive for rest of war
 Leapfrogging across Pacific islands



Guadalcanal secured February 1943
Retook Gilberts, Marshals, Guam, Tinian, Saipan, and
Marianas
Philippines liberated October 1944

Battle of Leyte Gulf
 Brutal fighting on Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Japanese Expansion and Early Battles in the Pacific
Pacific
Theater
Offensive
Strategy
and Final
Assault
Against
Japan
A Change in Leadership
 Roosevelt meets with Churchill and Stalin at Yalta
 Plan for post-war Germany
 FDR dies April 12, 1945, of severe stroke, is
replaced by Harry Truman
 Truman learns of Manhattan Project



Web
Enola Gay and Bock’s Car
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Japanese surrendered September 2, 1945 aboard USS
Missouri
Discussion Questions
 What were the major events in Europe between
1933 and 1939 that led to war?
 How did FDR mobilize the U.S. economy to
support the war effort?
 Examine the Allied strategy for winning the war.
How was it implemented? What were the major
problems?
 How did the U.S. and its allies defeat the
Japanese in the Pacific? How was this war
different than the war in Europe?