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CHAPTER 24
1939-45
World War II
Chapter 24 Section 1

Prelude to Global War
I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in
Europe.
A.
Totalitarian
1) Government that controls every aspect of
citizens lives
2) Italy, Germany, and Soviet Union
B.
Fascism and Nazism
1) Fascism is a philosophy that puts nation
ahead of the individual
I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in
Europe.
B.
Fascism and Nazism
2) Mussolini controls Italy
a) Used gangs of Fascist thugs to
terrorize opponents
b) appointed Prime Minister
c) established a dictatorship
I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in
Europe.
B.
Fascism and Nazism
3) Hitler rules Germany
a) Like Mussolini, Hitler was enraged over
WWI outcome and peace settlement
b) National Socialist German Workers’
Party (Nazi)
c) Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”
1. strengthen nation’s military
2. expand borders
3. purify Aryan “race”
I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in
Europe.
C.
Europe goes to war
1) German and Italy – later Japan – Axis Powers
2) German Empire Grows
a) Rhineland success
b) Annexed Austria
c) Gained Sudetenland through
appeasement – keeping the peace by
giving in to an aggressor’s demands
*d) Invasion of Poland triggered WWII
e) Hitler signed treaty with Soviet Union
I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in
Europe.
C.
Europe goes to war
3) Blitzkrieg and Sitzkrieg
a) blitzkrieg – lightening war into Poland
b) sitzkrieg – sit down war in Poland
c) blitzkrieg – Denmark and Norway
d) blitzkrieg – Belgium, Netherlands, and
France
e) By 1940, Hitler controlled Western
Europe
I. Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in
Europe.
C.
Europe goes to war
4) Allies – Great Britain led by Winston Churchill
– later U.S. and Soviet Union
5) Battle of Britain
a) France and Great Britain separated by
20 mile English Channel
b) Luftwaffe – German air force
c) 1,000 planes a day bombed Britain
d) British withstood attack
II. List the reasons that made Japan eager to build an
empire.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Japan is located on a chain of small islands
Lacked sufficient raw materials and markets
Needed land for a growing population
Seized Manchuria in Northern China
By 1940, Japan controlled Eastern China
Signed Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy
Neutrality pact with Soviet Union
III. Describe the American response to the war in Europe and
explain how the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulled the
U.S. into the war.
A.
B.
C.
Japan’s action in Asia led to FDR building up the Navy in
the Pacific and moving the American Pacific Fleet from
California to Hawaii
America remain neutral
1) Enough problems at home
American Involvement Grows
1) 1st peace-time draft using Selective Service
2) FDR win 3rd term for President
3) Lend-lease Act
American policy of providing war supplies to
Britain on credit
III. Describe the American response to the war in Europe and
explain how the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulled the
U.S. into the war.
D.
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
1) FDR froze Japan’s financial assets in
U.S. and cut off all trade with Japan
2) Gen. Hideki Tojo became Prime Minister
3) December 7, 1941
a) “a date that will live in infamy”
b) from 7:00 – 9:45 A.M. the Japanese
planes bombed and machine-gunned
c) 2,400 U.S. killed 1,200 wounded
300 planes damaged
*18 warships sunk
4) Three days later…Germany and Italy
declare war on the U.S.
Chapter 24 Section 2

The Road to Victory in Europe
I. Identify the various groups of Americans who
mobilized to fight the war.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Atlantic Charter – agreement between Churchill and FDR
on goals for the war
G.I. war – government issue
Diversity
1) Navajos code talkers
2) Japanese Americans and African Americans
troops fought in segregated units
Women in the Armed Forces
1) volunteered – not involved in combat
2) WASP, WAVES, and WAC
II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting
in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the
Soviet Union.
A.
B.
C.
While Germany blitzkrieg Europe – Gen. Erwin Rommel
“Desert Fox” led Germany into North Africa
Battle of the Atlantic
1) German subs “wolf pack” attacked conveys
2) Allies used sonar technology
North Africa Campaign
1) Americans led by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
2) Italians and Germans surrendered
II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting
in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the
Soviet Union.
D.
Invasion of Italy
1) American Gen. George S. Patton
2) Within (2 Months) Mussolini was overthrown
and a the new government surrendered
3) Germans in Italy resisted and continued to
fight causing significant causalities
II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting
in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the
Soviet Union.
E.
War in the Soviet Union
1) Hitler turned his focus onto the Soviet Union
and broke his pact with Stalin
2) German advance
a) Soviets were unprepared for brutality
b) Soviets adopted scorched earth policy
c) Stalin asked FDR for aid
d) When German army drove and
threatened major cities, Stalin urged his
allies to attack Western Europe to divide
Hitler’s forces
II. Understand how the Allied decision to begin fighting
in North Africa and Italy affected war efforts in the
Soviet Union.
E.
War in the Soviet Union
3) Battle of Stalingrad
a) Soviets made a stand
b) freezing conditions
c) turning point of the war on the
Eastern front
E.
George Marshall
1) Army Chief of Staff
2) Called for an invasion of Western Europe
III. Show how the Allied invasion of Western Europe led
to the end of the war in Europe.
A.
B.
C.
Air War
1) Carpet bombing – large number of bombs
scattered over a wide area
2) Soften Germany for Allied invasion
Preparation for invasion – Germany added machine guns,
barbed wire, land mines
D-Day
1) June 6, 1944 – largest land by sea invasion
2) Allies crossed the English Channel to
Normandy France
3) Omaha Beach – not a good location decision
III. Show how the Allied invasion of Western Europe led
to the end of the war in Europe.
D.
E.
Battle of the Bulge
1) Point after which most Nazi leaders realized
that the war was lost
2) Germans fought desperately to save their
homeland
War Ends in Europe
1) Soviets advanced all the way to Berlin
2) Germany Surrenders – Hitler suicide???
a) V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day
3) Yalta Conference – allied meeting to plan for
the postwar world
III. Show how the Allied invasion of Western Europe led
to the end of the war in Europe.
The Big Three – FDR, Churchill, and Stalin
Chapter 24 Section 3

The War in the Pacific
I. Summarize the Japanese advance in the Pacific in
1941-42 and describe Allied victories that turned the
tide of the war.
A.
B.
C.
Hours after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked Clark
Field, an American air base in the Philippine Islands.
Philippines Fall
1) Gen. Douglas MacArthur was forced to
leave the Philippine - “I Shall Return”
2) Bataan Death March – Americans that did not
leave became prisoners of war
War at Sea
1) Battle of Coral Sea – completely aircraft,
prevented invasion of Australia
I. Summarize the Japanese advance in the Pacific in
1941-42 and describe Allied victories that turned the
tide of the war.
D.
Allied Victories turn the Tide
1) Battle of Midway
a) entirely fought from air – Allied victory
b) Japanese were loading bombs onto their
planes on the carriers
c) Japan was unable to launch any more
offensives
2) Battle of Guadalcanal
a) Jungle warfare on the Solomon Islands
b) U.S. Marines
II. Describe the Allied struggle for the Pacific islands,
including Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
A.
B.
Island Hopping in the Pacific
1) The island-hopping strategy allowed the
Allies a position to bomb Japan.
Philippines Campaign
1) Gen. MacArthur –”People of the
Philippines, I have Returned”
2) Battle of Leyte Gulf
a) kamikazes – suicide planes
b) Japanese Navy virtually destroyed
II. Describe the Allied struggle for the Pacific islands,
including Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
C.
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
1) Battle of Iwo Jima
a) Volcanic island 700 miles from Japan
b) Americans bombed from the air
c) Marines suffered 25,000 casualties after
the land invasion
d) 27 Medals of Honor
II. Describe the Allied struggle for the Pacific islands,
including Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
C.
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
2) Battle of Okinawa
a) Less than 350 miles from Japan – last
obstacle to secure position to bomb from
b) kamikazes – fight to the death
c) banzai – attacks designed to kill as many
while dying
III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in
bringing an end to the war.
A.
B.
Manhattan Project
1) Project to develop an atomic bomb
2) Began in 1939, Albert Einstein a Jewish
physicist – refuge from Nazis
3) Enrico Fermi – accomplished chain
reaction of uranium atom split
4) Tested in New Mexico
The Decision to Drop the Bomb
1) The heavy American casualties at Iwo Jima
and Okinawa were a factor to use the bomb
2) President Harry S. Truman considered the
bomb as a military weapon – no doubts
III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in
bringing an end to the war.
C.
Japan Surrenders
1) Aug. 6, 1945 – Hiroshima dropped “Little Boy”
a) city in Southern Japan
b) large military base
c) Burns and radiation
III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in
bringing an end to the war.
C.
Japan Surrenders
2) Aug. 9, 1945 – Nagasaki dropped “Fat Man”
III. Describe the Manhattan Project and its effect in
bringing an end to the war.
C.
Japan Surrenders
3) August 14, 1945 – Japan surrendered
4) September 2, 1945 – U.S.S. Missouri –
formal surrender
Chapter 24 Section 4

The Holocaust
I. Explain how persecution of Jews and other minorities
increased in Germany under the Nazis during the
1930s.
A.
B.
Holocaust – Nazi Germany’s attempt to murder all
European Jews
Anti-Semitism – Hostility or discrimination toward:
1) Arabs, Ethiopians, Middle Eastern, North
African, and Jew
I. Explain how persecution of Jews and other minorities
increased in Germany under the Nazis during the
1930s.
C.
Nazis take action
1) Nuremberg Laws
a) Strip Jews of German citizenship
2) SS – elite guard that became the private
army of Nazi
3) Gestapo – identify and pursue people who
did not follow new laws of Nazi party
4) Concentration camps – place where prisoners
of war and political prisoners were confined
I. Explain how persecution of Jews and other minorities
increased in Germany under the Nazis during the
1930s.
D.
Kristallnacht – “Night of the Broken Glass”
E.
Refugees Seek an Escape – Jewish refugees
II. Describe how the Nazis carried out their plans for
genocide.
A.
B.
Einsatzgruppen – mobile killing units
1) Wannsee Conference
a) Final solution to the Jewish problem
b) genocide – kill all Jews
Death Camps
1) Experimenting on Jews and Soviet prisoners
2) Poison gas
3) Death camps – solely for mass murder
II. Describe how the Nazis carried out their plans for
genocide.
C.
D.
Fighting Back
1) A month-long revolt by Jews in Warsaw
against deportation to Treblinka
Rescue and Liberation
1) War Refugee Board (WRB)
a) created by FDR finally to try to help the
Jews
2) Nuremberg Trials
a) Individuals are responsible for their own
actions