Download TOTALITARIAN RULE

SECTION 1 - DICTATORS
1. SOVIET UNION - STALIN
TOTALITARIAN RULE
STALIN’S GOALS
FOR U.S.S.R:
-MODERNIZE FARMING
-INDUSTRIALIZATION
METHOD OF ACHIEVING GOALS
= PURGES (REMOVING ENEMIES
OR OTHER UNDESRIABLES
FROM POWER)
STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR
THE GREAT PURGE
7 MILLION ARRESTED
1 MILLION EXECUTED
OTHERS SENT LABOR CAMPS
2. ITALY - MUSSOLINI
-TOTALITARIAN RULE
-LEADER OF THE
FASCIST PARTY IL DUCE- “THE
LEADER”
-BLACKSHIRTS
USED TO BRING
THOSE WHO OPPOSED UNDER
CONTROL
-ITALY HAS MANY STRIKES
AND RIOTS AFTER WWI
-MUSSOLINI APPOINTED
PRIME MINISTER 1922
-MUSSOLINI SUSPENDS
ELECTIONS AND OUTLAWS ALL
OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES =
DICTATORSHIP
“THE COUNTRY IS NOTHING
WITHOUT CONQUEST”
-1935 ITALY INVADES AFRICAN
KINGDOM OF ETHIOPIA.
3. GERMANY - HITLER
TOTALITARIAN RULE
NAZISM
HITLER’S RISE TO POWER
-ENRAGED BY VERSAILLES
TREATY (WAR GUILT CLAUSE)
-1919 HITLER JOINS NAZI PARTY
(NATIONAL SOCIALIST
GERMAN WORKER’S PARTY)
-SPENT 9 MONTHS IN PRISON
FOR TRYING TO OVERTHROW
THE GERMAN GOVERNMENTWRITES -MEIN KAMPF 1923
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• Hitler’s thoughts are written down by
Rudolph Hess
• Details Hitler racial beliefs that will become
his basis for Nazi Germany
• Clearly states the idea of German
lebensraum or “living space”. This living
space would be in Russia.
Mein Kampf (continued)
• Very poorly written book. Displays the stupidity
of the basis of Nazi beliefs.
• It has different political thoughts & societal
theories mashed together with Hitler’s own beliefs
to create Nazism.
• Germans are the master race of people descended
from people the came down from the Himalayan
Mountains (yes.. in ASIA)
Mein Kampf
• German blood must be protected.
• Jewish people are “Untermenchen” or “Under
people”.
• Their control of Germany and the world at the end
of World War One led to Germany being sold out
to the Allies.
• Jews along with Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe,
Gypsies (SE Europeans), homosexuals, disabled
people, and mentally challenged people should all
be removed from contaminating German Blood.
-HITLER PROMISES RELIEF
FROM HARD ECONOMIC
TIMES
-1932 NAZI PARTY LARGEST
PARTY IN REICHSTAG (LOWER
HOUSE OF GERMAN
PARLIAMNET)
-HITLER PLACED 2ND TO VON
HINDENBURG IN
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
-1933: VON HINDENBURG
NAMES HITLER CHANCELLOR
-SUSPENDS FREEDOM OF
SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF
PRESS
-STORM TROOPERS OR
BROWNSHIRTS SILENCED
THOSE WHO OPPOSED HITLER
-MARCH 1933 ENABLING BILL
GIVES HITLER DICTATORIAL
POWERS
-1934: HINDENBURG DIES HITLER
BECOMES CHANCELLOR AND
PRESIDENT
-SELF TITLED - DER FUHRER
(“THE LEADER”)
GERMANY REARMS:
-REARMED AND EXPANDED
ARMED FORCES
-HITLER SAW EXPANSION AS A
WAY TO BRING NATIONAL
PRIDE AND COMPETE WITH
OTHER COUNTRIES
-MAIN GOAL BECAME
CONQUEST TERRITORY
(LEBENSRAUM - LIVING SPACE)
-MARCH 1936 GERMAN TROOPS
ENTER THE RHINELAND
-1936 HITLER AND MUSSOLINI
FORM AN ALLIANCE “AXIS”
BETWEEN ROME AND BERLIN
-HITLER BEGAN TO PRESS
AUSTRIA FOR ANSCHLUSS
(UNION WITH GERMANY)
-AFTER DENIAL FROM
AUSTRIA GERMANY SENDS IN
TROOPS
-WHERE NEXT?
-HITLER TURNS TO THE
SUDETENLAND, (CZECH.)
_CZECH GOVT. SAYS NO TO
DEMAND.
IN STEPS BRITAIN/ FRANCE. A
MEETING IS CALLED.
RESULT: MUNICH AGREEMENT
GERMANY RECEIVES THE
SUDETENLAND IN EXCHANGE
HITLER PROMISES NOT TO
ADVANCE AGAIN. (1938)
- NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
“PEACE IN OUR TIME”
- 6 MONTHS AFTER ANNEXING
THE SUDETENLAND - HITLER
TOOK THE WESTERN HALF OF
CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND
DIVIDED THE REST OF THE
COUNTRY AMONG HIS ALLIES
-ITALY INVADED AND
OCCUPIED ALBANIA
SPANISH CIVIL WAR
-FRANCISCO FRANCO LED A
GROUP CALLED THE
NATIONALISTS
-GERMANY AND
ITALY BACKED
FRANCO
-SOVIET UNION
BACKED THE
REPUBLICANS
SECTION 2- EUROPE GOES TO
WAR
-BRITAIN
ABANDONS
APPEASEMENT
WINSTON
CHURCHILL
PRIME MIN.
AFTER TAKING CZECH., HITLER
WARNED ABOUT FURTHER
EXPANSION= WAR
-1939 BRITAIN AND FRANCE
PLEDGE SUPPORT TO POLAND
WHY DOES HITLER NEED TO
CUT A DEAL WITH STALIN
BEFORE DEALING WITH
FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN?
-NAZI GERMANY AND
COMMUNIST SOVIET UNION
MAKE A DEAL
-AUGUST 1939 SIGNED A SOVIET
NONAGGRESSION PACT
-SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 HITLER
INVADES POLAND
-BRITAIN AND FRANCE
DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY
SEPT. 3, 1939
-GERMANY USES NEW FORM OF
ATTACK - BLITZKRIEG
“LIGHTNING WAR”
STUKA
PANZERS
-POLAND DEFEATED IN LESS
THAN A MONTH
-RUSSIA GIVEN EASTERN
POLAND
SO WHERE TO NEXT IF YOU’RE
HITLER?
-BRITISH / FRENCH TROOPS
WAITING
-GERMAN TROOPS WAITING
FOR ORDERS
-NICKNAMED “SITZKRIEG” (SITDOWN WAR)
WHAT’S GOING TO SAVE
FRANCE? MAGINOT LINE
APRIL 9, 1940 GERMANY MAKES A
MOVE:
-DENMARK /NORWAY FALL
-MAY 1940 NETHERLANDS ,
BELGIUM, LUXEMBOURG FALL
-AND NOW GERMANY IS FACING
FRANCE.
GERMANY ATTACKS FRANCE
FRENCH /BRITISH TROOPS CUT
IN HALF. PUSHED ALL THE WAY
TO THE ENGLISH CHANNEL.
OVER THE NEXT 9 DAYS THE
GREATEST RESCUE OF ALL
TIME TOOK PLACE IN A CITY
CALLED DUNKIRK.
340,000 MEN SIT ON THE BEACH
WAITING FOR RESCUE.
900 BRITISH VESSELS RESCUED
THESE SOLDIERS FROM THE
GERMAN BLITZKRIEG.
-HITLER’S TROOPS TURN
SOUTH.
-JUNE 14, 1940 GERMAN
TROOPS ENTERED PARIS.
-JUNE 22, 1940 1.5 MILLION
SOLDIERS & FRENCH GOVT.
SURRENDERED.
SURRENDER TERMS:
FRANCE SPLIT
INTO 2 PARTS:
NORTHERN
HALF – GERMAN
CONTROLLED
SOUTHERN HALF- FRENCH
GOVT. CONTROLLED. CALLED
VICHY FRANCE.
-VICHY FRANCE ADOPTED A
POLICY OF COLLABORATION.
-MEANWHILE, FREE FRENCH
MOVEMENT CREATED. LED BY
GENERAL CHARLES DE
GAULLE. RESISTENCE GROUP
CONSISTED OF CITIZENS.
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN:
-20 MILES AWAY FROM FRANCE
STOOD HITLER’S LAST ENEMY;
GREAT BRITAIN.
-GERMANY DECIDED ON USING
THEIR LUFTWAFFE TO
DESTROY BRITAIN, NOT
INVASION.
GREATEST AIR ASSAULT
BEGAN AUGUST 1940. DIDN’T
END TILL LATE SEPTEMBER.
-FRUSTRATED HITLER ORDERS
MASSIVE BOMBING ON
LONDON & OTHER CITIES.
INCLUDING FIREBOMBS.
-LASTED TILL MAY 1941 –
KNOWN AS “THE BLITZ” OF
BRITAIN. 20,000 DEAD 70,000
WOUNDED.
HERO : THE ROYAL AIRFORCE
(RAF) FLY OUT TO MEET THE
GERMAN BOMBERS 6 TO 7
TIMES A DAY.
“NEVER IN THE FIELD OF
HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO
MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO
SO FEW.”
SECTION 3- JAPAN BUILDS AN
EMPIRE
-1920’S RECESSIONS HIT JAPAN,
BY 1930 TRADE DOWN,
ECONOMY SUFFERS. STRIKES,
LAYOFFS, AND ANGRY
CITIZENS.
-MILITARY UPSET , ARMY /
NAVY BOTH CUT IN SIZE.
-1930’S JAPAN HITS
POPULATION BOOM, MILLION
NEW EACH YEAR. LACKED
RESOURCES.
-SEPT. 1931 JAPANESE ARMY
MOVED IN TO MANCHURIA.
FEB. 1932 MANCHURIA
CAPTURED.
-JAPAN PLANNED ON USING
MANCHURIA AS A BASE FOR
FURTHER ASIAN ATTACKS.
-1937 ENTERS CHINA, BEIJING
FALLS, FRENCH INDOCHINA
FALLS IN 1940
-MEANWHILE IN THE U.S.
CONGRESS PASSES
NEUTRALITY ACTS.
-EUROPEAN WAR KEPT OTHERS
TO BUSY TO BOTHER WITH
JAPAN. SO JAPAN LOOKED
TOWARDS THE DUTCH EAST
INDIES. (OIL & RUBBER)
-SEPT. 1940 JAPAN ALLIED
W/GERMANY & ITALY.
TRIPARTITE PACT CREATED.
ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS.
SECTION 4- ISOLATIONISM TO
WAR
-NEUTRALITY ACTS KEPT THE
U.S. OUT OF WAR.
-F.D.R. SAID THE ACTS CREATED
AGGRESSION.
-AFTER POLAND FELL F.D.R.
ASKED TO REVISE NEUTRALITY
-SOON WEAPONS WERE
SAILING TO FRANCE /BRITAIN.
-FRANCE FELL, GREAT BRITAIN
ONLY THING BETWEEN US &
THE GERMANS.
-SENT 50 DESTROYERS TO
BRITAIN.
ELECTION 1940
ROOSEVELT
DEMOCRAT
W. WILKIE
REPUBLICAN
449 VS. 82 ELECTORAL VOTES
-1940 CHURCHILL INFORMS
F.D.R. BRITAIN IS BROKE.
ROOSEVELT CREATED THE
LEND – LEASE ACT.
-1941 GERMANY SURPRISES
RUSSIA AND INVADES.
-U.S. WILL BY THE END OF THE
WAR, LOAN OR GIVE AWAY $49
BILLION WORTH OF AID TO 40
NATIONS.
JAPAN ATTACKS:
-JULY 1940 F.D.R. ISSUES
SANCTIONS AGAINST JAPAN.
STOPS THE SALE OF
STEEL/SCRAP IRON.
-NEXT, ROOSEVELT FROZE
JAPANESE ASSETS IN THE U.S.
THEN CUT OIL SHIPMENTS TO
JAPAN.
1941- GENERAL HIDEKI TOJO
BECOMES PRIME MINISTER,
WHO SUPPORTS WAR AGAINST
THE U.S.
NOV. 1941 U.S.
MILITARY CRACKS
THE JAPANESE
CODE.
-AMERICAN LEADERS KNEW
JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
WERE MOVING IN THE PACIFIC.
BUT DIDN’T KNOW WHERE
THEY WERE GOING.
-6 CARRIERS + 20 OTHER SHIPS
MOVING TO PEARL HARBOR.
RESULT: LESS THAN 2 HOURS,
2,400 AMERICANS DEAD
1,200 WOUNDED
200 WARPLANES
DAMAGED/DESTROYED
18 WARSHIPS GONE, 8 OF THE
FLEET’S 9 BATTLESHIPS.
DEC. 8, 1941 FDR CALLS FOR
WAR, CONGRESS PASSES THE
WAR RESOLUTION.