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WORLD WAR II “Germany must either be a world power or there will be no Germany” Adolph Hitler 'Mein Kampf' World War II: Causes World War II: Causes • The Treaty of Versailles: ▫ Never fully enforced by countries that signed the treaty. ▫ Weak peace in Europe. World War II: Causes • The Treaty of Versailles: ▫ Never fully enforced by countries that signed the treaty. ▫ Weak peace in Europe. • The League of Nations: ▫ U.S. didn’t join World War II: Causes • The Treaty of Versailles: ▫ Never fully enforced by countries that signed the treaty. ▫ Weak peace in Europe. • The League of Nations: ▫ U.S. didn’t join • Economic Depression in Europe: ▫ People lost their jobs and stores had very little to sell. ▫ People very scared about their future. Germany’s role: Germany’s role: • The Nazi Party promised jobs, increased services, and military might. Germany’s role: • The Nazi Party promised jobs, increased services, and military might. • January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany Germany’s role: • The Nazi Party promised jobs, increased services, and military might. • January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany ▫ 3/23/33: Enabling Act is passed: gives Hitler absolute power for 4 years. ▫ Blames Jews and Gypsies for all of Germany’s problems. ▫ Germany needed “Lebensraum” (living space) Germany’s role: 1934 Germany’s role: 1934 • 6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people who have “plotted against Hitler”. Germany’s role: 1934 • 6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people who have “plotted against Hitler”. • Creates the Gestapo: Secret police. Germany’s role: 1934 • 6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people who have “plotted against Hitler”. • Creates the Gestapo: Secret police. • Permanent labor camps are built. Germany’s role: 1935 Germany’s role: 1935 • January 1935: Saar plebiscite: Saar valley “vote” on whether to be French or German ….. Germany wins the election. Germany’s role: 1935 • January 1935: Saar plebiscite: Saar valley “vote” on whether to be French or German ….. Germany wins the election. Treaty of Versailles said this should happen!! Germany’s role: 1936 Germany’s role: 1936 • 3/7/36: Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland. Germany’s role: 1936 • 3/7/36: Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland. ▫ Goes against the Treaty of Versailles! Germany’s role: 1938 Germany’s role: 1938 • 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government Germany’s role: 1938 • 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government • 3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria Germany’s role: 1938 • 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government • 3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria ▫ Goes against the Treaty of Versailles. Germany’s role: 1938 • 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian government • 3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria ▫ Goes against the Treaty of Versailles. • 9/29/38: Munich conference (Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France) allows Germany to occupy the Sudetenland (was Czechoslovakia) ▫ Policy of appeasement: Germany’s role: 1939 Germany’s role: 1939 • March 1939: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by German forces. Germany’s role: 1939 • March 1939: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by German forces. • 3/31/39: France and Great Britain guarantee to support Poland. Germany’s role: 1939 • 3/39: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by German forces. • 3/31/39: France and Great Britain guarantee to support Poland. • 4/7/39: Italy invades and annexes Albania. • 8/23/39: Molotov – von Ribbentrop Pact is signed (Soviet Union and Germany nonaggression pact) World War II: 1939 • 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland. World War II: 1939 • 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland. • 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. World War II: 1939 • 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland. • 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. • 9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to Poland. World War II: 1939 • 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland. • 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. • 9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to Poland. • 9/28/39: Poland surrenders to Germany. World War II: 1939 • 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland. • 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on Germany. • 9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to Poland. • 9/28/39: Poland surrenders to Germany. • 11/30/39 Soviet Union invades Finland. World War II: 1940 World War II: 1940 • 4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and Norway. ▫ Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on 6/9. World War II: 1940 • 4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and Norway. ▫ Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on 6/9. • 5/10/40: Germany attacks France, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium. ▫ Luxembourg surrenders on 5/10, The Netherlands on 5/14, and Belgium 5/28. World War II: 1940 • 4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and Norway. ▫ Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on 6/9. • 5/10/40: Germany attacks France, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium. ▫ Luxembourg surrenders on 5/10, The Netherlands on 5/14, and Belgium 5/28. • 6/10/40: Italy invades Southern France. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. • 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. • 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”. • 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. • 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”. • 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt. • 9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. • 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”. • 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt. • 9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact. • 10/28/40: Italy invades Greece. World War II: 1940 • 6/22/40: France surrenders. ▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have Germany sign their surrender ending WWI. • 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German “defeat”. • 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt. • 9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact. • 10/28/40: Italy invades Greece. • 11/40: Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania join the Axis. World War II: 1941 World War II: 1941 • 3/1/41: Bulgaria joins the Axis. World War II: 1941 • 3/1/41: Bulgaria joins the Axis. • 4/6/41: Germany, Hungary, and Italy invade Yugoslavia and Greece. World War II: 1941 • 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M. World War II: 1941 • 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M. ▫ Germany invades the Soviet Union with 3 million troops 3,500 tanks More than 7,000 artillery More than 2,000 aircraft World War II: 1941 • 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M. ▫ Germany invades the Soviet Union with 3 million troops 3,500 tanks More than 7,000 artillery More than 2,000 aircraft ▫ Goal is Lebensraum (living space) Agricultural areas Mineral resources Established industry World War II: 1941 • 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M. ▫ Day 1: 1,600 Soviet planes destroyed. ▫ Panzer units (tanks) move 50 miles per day. World War II: 1941 • 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30 A.M. ▫ Day 1: 1,600 Soviet planes destroyed. ▫ Panzer units (tanks) move 50 miles per day. • By early December: ▫ German loses = 740,000 ▫ Soviet loses = 3,000,000 and 3,500,000 captured. World War II: 1941 • 12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor Hawaii. World War II: 1941 • 12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor Hawaii. • 12/8/41: U.S. declares war on Japan World War II: 1941 • 12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor Hawaii. • 12/8/41: U.S. declares war on Japan • 12/11/41: All axis powers declare war on U.S. World War II: 1942 World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: ▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the sand) ▫ City doesn’t fall. World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: ▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the sand) ▫ City doesn’t fall. ▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth Army. World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: ▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the sand) ▫ City doesn’t fall. ▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth Army. ▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin. World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: ▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the sand) ▫ City doesn’t fall. ▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth Army. ▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin. ▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus. World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: ▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the sand) ▫ City doesn’t fall. ▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth Army. ▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin. ▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus. ▫ 1/31/43: von Paulus surrenders himself, 22 other generals, and 91,000 troops (5,000 live to go home) World War II: 1942 • 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad: ▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the sand) ▫ City doesn’t fall. ▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth Army. ▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin. ▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus. ▫ 1/31/43: von Paulus surrenders himself, 22 other generals, and 91,000 troops (5,000 live to go home) ▫ 1,700,000 to 2,000,000 dead on both sides. World War II: 1943 World War II: 1943 • 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war in Africa). World War II: 1943 • 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war in Africa). • 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet Union. ▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever. World War II: 1943 • 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war in Africa). • 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet Union. ▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever. • Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front. World War II: 1943 • 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war in Africa). • 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet Union. ▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever. • Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front. • 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown. World War II: 1943 • 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war in Africa). • 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet Union. ▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever. • Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front. • 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown. • 9/8/43: Italy surrenders to the Allies. ▫ Germany immediately sends in troops, frees Mussolini, and puts him back in charge World War II: 1943 • 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war in Africa). • 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet Union. ▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever. • Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern front. • 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown. • 9/8/43: Italy surrenders to the Allies. ▫ Germany immediately sends in troops, frees Mussolini, and puts him back in charge • 9/9/43: U.S. troops land in Salerno, Italy (near Naples). World War II: 1944 World War II: 1944 • 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome) World War II: 1944 • 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome) • 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops. World War II: 1944 • 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome) • 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops. • 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control. ▫ Starts the race to Paris. World War II: 1944 • 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome) • 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops. • 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control. ▫ Starts the race to Paris. • 8/25/44: Paris is liberated. World War II: 1944 • 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome) • 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops. • 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control. ▫ Starts the race to Paris. • 8/25/44: Paris is liberated. • 12/16/44: Germans launch their final offensive in the West. World War II: 1944 • 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome) • 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft, and 2,000,000 troops. • 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control. ▫ Starts the race to Paris. • 8/25/44: Paris is liberated. • 12/16/44: Germans launch their final offensive in the West. ▫ Battle of the Bulge. ▫ Germany loses and retreats again. World War II: 1945 World War II: 1945 • 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin. World War II: 1945 • 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin. • 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide. World War II: 1945 • 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin. • 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide. • 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western Allies. World War II: 1945 • • • • 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin. 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide. 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western Allies. 5/9/45: Germany surrenders to the Soviets. World War II: 1945 • • • • • 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin. 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide. 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western Allies. 5/9/45: Germany surrenders to the Soviets. 8/6/45: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (population 255,000). ▫ 75,000 people dead that day. ▫ 75,000 more dead within 4 months. • 8/9/45: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan (population 240,000). ▫ 35,000 people dead that day ▫ 35,000 more dead within 4 months. • 8/14/45: Japan surrenders ending WWII. Counting our losses: Allies Mobilized Military Dead Civilian Dead Total 1940 Population USSR 20,000,000 8,700,000 16,900,000 190,000,000 U.S.A. 16,400,000 292,000 France 5,000,000 250,000 170,000 39,000,000 Great Britain 4,700,000 240,000 65,000 48,000,000 10,800,000 3,250,000 2,000,000 70,700,000 Allies: 14,170,000 35,597,000 Axis: 5,680,000 3,757,000 132,000,000 Axis: Germany Totals: The Holocaust The “End” of the Jewish religion: • 4/1/33: Boycott on Jewish run businesses. • 9/15/35: Nuremberg laws: Begins to exclude Jews from public life. • 11/9&10/38: Night of the Broken Glass. • Ghettos: All Jews were forced to live in certain areas of cities. ▫ Warsaw ghetto = 445,000 Jews in 1941. The “End” of the Jewish religion: • Concentration Camps: ▫ Medical experiments on prisoners Babies taken from their mother to see how long they would survive without milk. ▫ Dachau: opened 3/20/33 ▫ Over 1,000 were constructed. ▫ Treblinka: over 870,000 dead, 100 known survivors, 150 German staff The “End” of the Jewish religion: • Death Camps: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Chelmno Belzec Sobibor Treblinka Auschwitz: over 1,250,000 prisoners killed Soviet troops found 15,400 pounds of human hair. ▫ Majdanek