Download WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II
“Germany must either be a world
power or there will be no
Germany” Adolph Hitler 'Mein
Kampf'
World War II: Causes
World War II: Causes
• The Treaty of Versailles:
▫ Never fully enforced by countries that signed the
treaty.
▫ Weak peace in Europe.
World War II: Causes
• The Treaty of Versailles:
▫ Never fully enforced by countries that signed the
treaty.
▫ Weak peace in Europe.
• The League of Nations:
▫ U.S. didn’t join
World War II: Causes
• The Treaty of Versailles:
▫ Never fully enforced by countries that signed the
treaty.
▫ Weak peace in Europe.
• The League of Nations:
▫ U.S. didn’t join
• Economic Depression in Europe:
▫ People lost their jobs and stores had very little to
sell.
▫ People very scared about their future.
Germany’s role:
Germany’s role:
• The Nazi Party promised jobs,
increased services, and military might.
Germany’s role:
• The Nazi Party promised jobs,
increased services, and military might.
• January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed
chancellor of Germany
Germany’s role:
• The Nazi Party promised jobs,
increased services, and military might.
• January 30, 1933: Adolf Hitler appointed
chancellor of Germany
▫ 3/23/33: Enabling Act is passed: gives Hitler
absolute power for 4 years.
▫ Blames Jews and Gypsies for all of Germany’s
problems.
▫ Germany needed “Lebensraum” (living space)
Germany’s role: 1934
Germany’s role: 1934
• 6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s
personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people
who have “plotted against Hitler”.
Germany’s role: 1934
• 6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s
personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people
who have “plotted against Hitler”.
• Creates the Gestapo: Secret police.
Germany’s role: 1934
• 6/30/34: Night of the Long Knives: Hitler’s
personal guard, the SS, kills about 1,000 people
who have “plotted against Hitler”.
• Creates the Gestapo: Secret police.
• Permanent labor camps are built.
Germany’s role: 1935
Germany’s role: 1935
• January 1935: Saar plebiscite: Saar valley “vote”
on whether to be French or German …..
Germany wins the election.
Germany’s role: 1935
• January 1935: Saar plebiscite: Saar valley “vote”
on whether to be French or German …..
Germany wins the election. Treaty of Versailles
said this should happen!!
Germany’s role: 1936
Germany’s role: 1936
• 3/7/36: Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland.
Germany’s role: 1936
• 3/7/36: Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland.
▫ Goes against the Treaty of Versailles!
Germany’s role: 1938
Germany’s role: 1938
• 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian
government
Germany’s role: 1938
• 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian
government
• 3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria
Germany’s role: 1938
• 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian
government
• 3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria
▫ Goes against the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany’s role: 1938
• 3/11/38: Hitler threatens the Austrian
government
• 3/13/38: The Anschluss: Hitler annexes Austria
▫ Goes against the Treaty of Versailles.
• 9/29/38: Munich conference (Germany, Italy,
Great Britain, and France) allows Germany to
occupy the Sudetenland (was Czechoslovakia)
▫ Policy of appeasement:
Germany’s role: 1939
Germany’s role: 1939
• March 1939: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by
German forces.
Germany’s role: 1939
• March 1939: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by
German forces.
• 3/31/39: France and Great Britain guarantee to
support Poland.
Germany’s role: 1939
• 3/39: All of Czechoslovakia is occupied by
German forces.
• 3/31/39: France and Great Britain guarantee to
support Poland.
• 4/7/39: Italy invades and annexes Albania.
• 8/23/39: Molotov – von Ribbentrop Pact is
signed (Soviet Union and Germany nonaggression pact)
World War II: 1939
• 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.
World War II: 1939
• 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.
• 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on
Germany.
World War II: 1939
• 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.
• 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on
Germany.
• 9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to Poland.
World War II: 1939
• 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.
• 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on
Germany.
• 9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to Poland.
• 9/28/39: Poland surrenders to Germany.
World War II: 1939
• 9/1/39: Germany invades Poland.
• 9/3/39: Great Britain and France declare war on
Germany.
• 9/17/39: Soviet Union sends troops to Poland.
• 9/28/39: Poland surrenders to Germany.
• 11/30/39 Soviet Union invades Finland.
World War II: 1940
World War II: 1940
• 4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and
Norway.
▫ Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on 6/9.
World War II: 1940
• 4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and
Norway.
▫ Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on 6/9.
• 5/10/40: Germany attacks France, The
Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium.
▫ Luxembourg surrenders on 5/10, The Netherlands
on 5/14, and Belgium 5/28.
World War II: 1940
• 4/9/40: Germany invades Denmark and
Norway.
▫ Denmark surrenders on 4/9 and Norway on 6/9.
• 5/10/40: Germany attacks France, The
Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Belgium.
▫ Luxembourg surrenders on 5/10, The Netherlands
on 5/14, and Belgium 5/28.
• 6/10/40: Italy invades Southern France.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
• 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German
“defeat”.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
• 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German
“defeat”.
• 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
• 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German
“defeat”.
• 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.
• 9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the
Tripartite Pact.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
• 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German
“defeat”.
• 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.
• 9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the
Tripartite Pact.
• 10/28/40: Italy invades Greece.
World War II: 1940
• 6/22/40: France surrenders.
▫ Same railroad car is used that was used to have
Germany sign their surrender ending WWI.
• 7/10 to 10/31: Battle of Britain: Ends in German
“defeat”.
• 9/13/40: Italy invades Egypt.
• 9/27/40: Germany, Italy, and Japan sign the
Tripartite Pact.
• 10/28/40: Italy invades Greece.
• 11/40: Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania join the
Axis.
World War II: 1941
World War II: 1941
• 3/1/41: Bulgaria joins the Axis.
World War II: 1941
• 3/1/41: Bulgaria joins the Axis.
• 4/6/41: Germany, Hungary, and Italy invade
Yugoslavia and Greece.
World War II: 1941
• 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30
A.M.
World War II: 1941
• 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30
A.M.
▫ Germany invades the Soviet Union with




3 million troops
3,500 tanks
More than 7,000 artillery
More than 2,000 aircraft
World War II: 1941
• 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30
A.M.
▫ Germany invades the Soviet Union with




3 million troops
3,500 tanks
More than 7,000 artillery
More than 2,000 aircraft
▫ Goal is Lebensraum (living space)
 Agricultural areas
 Mineral resources
 Established industry
World War II: 1941
• 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30
A.M.
▫ Day 1: 1,600 Soviet planes destroyed.
▫ Panzer units (tanks) move 50 miles per day.
World War II: 1941
• 6/22/41: Operation Barbarosa begins at 3:30
A.M.
▫ Day 1: 1,600 Soviet planes destroyed.
▫ Panzer units (tanks) move 50 miles per day.
• By early December:
▫ German loses = 740,000
▫ Soviet loses = 3,000,000 and 3,500,000
captured.
World War II: 1941
• 12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor
Hawaii.
World War II: 1941
• 12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor
Hawaii.
• 12/8/41: U.S. declares war on Japan
World War II: 1941
• 12/7/41: Japan attacks the U.S. at Pearl Harbor
Hawaii.
• 12/8/41: U.S. declares war on Japan
• 12/11/41: All axis powers declare war on U.S.
World War II: 1942
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the
sand)
▫ City doesn’t fall.
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the
sand)
▫ City doesn’t fall.
▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth
Army.
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the
sand)
▫ City doesn’t fall.
▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth
Army.
▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with
Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the
sand)
▫ City doesn’t fall.
▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth
Army.
▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with
Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.
▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus.
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the
sand)
▫ City doesn’t fall.
▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth
Army.
▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with
Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.
▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus.
▫ 1/31/43: von Paulus surrenders himself, 22 other
generals, and 91,000 troops (5,000 live to go home)
World War II: 1942
• 8/19/42 to 1/31/43: Siege of Stalingrad:
▫ Stalin refuses to allow retreat (draws a line in the
sand)
▫ City doesn’t fall.
▫ 11/23/42: Soviet troops encircle the German Sixth
Army.
▫ 11/25/42: German general (Von Paulus) pleads with
Hitler to allow negotiations with Stalin.
▫ 1/30/43: Hitler promotes General von Paulus.
▫ 1/31/43: von Paulus surrenders himself, 22 other
generals, and 91,000 troops (5,000 live to go home)
▫ 1,700,000 to 2,000,000 dead on both sides.
World War II: 1943
World War II: 1943
• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war
in Africa).
World War II: 1943
• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war
in Africa).
• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet
Union.
▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.
World War II: 1943
• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war
in Africa).
• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet
Union.
▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.
• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern
front.
World War II: 1943
• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war
in Africa).
• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet
Union.
▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.
• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern
front.
• 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown.
World War II: 1943
• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war
in Africa).
• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet
Union.
▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.
• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern
front.
• 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown.
• 9/8/43: Italy surrenders to the Allies.
▫ Germany immediately sends in troops, frees Mussolini,
and puts him back in charge
World War II: 1943
• 5/13/43: Axis forces in Tunisia surrender (ends war
in Africa).
• 7/5/43: Massive German offensive in Kursk, Soviet
Union.
▫ 7/12/43: Largest tank battle ever.
• Fall of 1943 Germany is in full retreat on the Eastern
front.
• 7/25/43: Italian dictator Mussolini overthrown.
• 9/8/43: Italy surrenders to the Allies.
▫ Germany immediately sends in troops, frees Mussolini,
and puts him back in charge
• 9/9/43: U.S. troops land in Salerno, Italy (near
Naples).
World War II: 1944
World War II: 1944
• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)
World War II: 1944
• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)
• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at
Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft,
and 2,000,000 troops.
World War II: 1944
• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)
• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at
Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft,
and 2,000,000 troops.
• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.
▫ Starts the race to Paris.
World War II: 1944
• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)
• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at
Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft,
and 2,000,000 troops.
• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.
▫ Starts the race to Paris.
• 8/25/44: Paris is liberated.
World War II: 1944
• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)
• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at
Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft,
and 2,000,000 troops.
• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.
▫ Starts the race to Paris.
• 8/25/44: Paris is liberated.
• 12/16/44: Germans launch their final offensive in
the West.
World War II: 1944
• 1/22/44: U.S. troops land at Anzio, Italy (Rome)
• 6/6/44: D-Day – British and U.S. troops land at
Normandy, France with 5,000 ships, 11,ooo aircraft,
and 2,000,000 troops.
• 7/25/44: Normandy is under allies control.
▫ Starts the race to Paris.
• 8/25/44: Paris is liberated.
• 12/16/44: Germans launch their final offensive in
the West.
▫ Battle of the Bulge.
▫ Germany loses and retreats again.
World War II: 1945
World War II: 1945
• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.
World War II: 1945
• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.
• 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.
World War II: 1945
• 4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.
• 4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.
• 5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western Allies.
World War II: 1945
•
•
•
•
4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.
4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.
5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western Allies.
5/9/45: Germany surrenders to the Soviets.
World War II: 1945
•
•
•
•
•
4/16/45: Soviet troops encircle Berlin.
4/30/45: Hitler commits suicide.
5/7/45: Germany surrenders to the Western Allies.
5/9/45: Germany surrenders to the Soviets.
8/6/45: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
(population 255,000).
▫ 75,000 people dead that day.
▫ 75,000 more dead within 4 months.
• 8/9/45: U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan
(population 240,000).
▫ 35,000 people dead that day
▫ 35,000 more dead within 4 months.
• 8/14/45: Japan surrenders ending WWII.
Counting our losses:
Allies
Mobilized
Military
Dead
Civilian
Dead
Total 1940
Population
USSR
20,000,000
8,700,000
16,900,000
190,000,000
U.S.A.
16,400,000
292,000
France
5,000,000
250,000
170,000
39,000,000
Great Britain
4,700,000
240,000
65,000
48,000,000
10,800,000
3,250,000
2,000,000
70,700,000
Allies:
14,170,000
35,597,000
Axis:
5,680,000
3,757,000
132,000,000
Axis:
Germany
Totals:
The Holocaust
The “End” of the Jewish religion:
• 4/1/33: Boycott on Jewish run businesses.
• 9/15/35: Nuremberg laws: Begins to exclude
Jews from public life.
• 11/9&10/38: Night of the Broken Glass.
• Ghettos: All Jews were forced to live in certain
areas of cities.
▫ Warsaw ghetto = 445,000 Jews in 1941.
The “End” of the Jewish religion:
• Concentration Camps:
▫ Medical experiments on prisoners
 Babies taken from their mother to see how long they
would survive without milk.
▫ Dachau: opened 3/20/33
▫ Over 1,000 were constructed.
▫ Treblinka: over 870,000 dead, 100 known
survivors, 150 German staff
The “End” of the Jewish religion:
• Death Camps:
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
Chelmno
Belzec
Sobibor
Treblinka
Auschwitz: over 1,250,000 prisoners killed
 Soviet troops found 15,400 pounds of human hair.
▫ Majdanek