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World War II
Chapters 16 and 17
Dictators Threaten World
Peace
Following World War l
Many hoped the world would be safe for
democracy; Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”
The United States did not join the League
of Nations; the League was weak
Germans resented being blamed for World
War I; upset about losing territory they
thought was German
Soviet Union (Russia) resented the new
nations created out of former Russian
territory
Rise of Totalitarian Dictators
Totalitarian Government: a govt
with complete control over its
citizens; individuals have no rights
Joseph Stalin-Soviet Union
Benito Mussolini-Italy
Adolf Hitler-Germany
Francisco Franco-Spain
Joseph Stalin-Communism
Came to power in
1924
Very ruthless
Wanted no private
business
ownership or
private farms
Government took
over industry
Anyone criticized
him, that person
was arrested or put
to death
Benito Mussolini-Fascism
Strong centralized
govt lead by a
dictator
Did not run
factories or farms,
but ran all aspects
of Italian life
Italy was very
militaristic;
invaded and
captured Ethiopia
Adolf Hitler-Nazism
Nazi Party
gained power in
Germany in 1932
Combined
extreme
nationalism,
racism, and
imperialism
Hitler continued
Appealed to many Germans/ much
depression and unemployment
Wanted to unite all German-speaking
people into a new German empire, or
Reich
Believed Germans, especially “Aryans”
were a master race
Meant to have power over all inferior races
Hitler became “chancellor”
Japan
Also became very aggressive
when military leaders took over
Japan-wanted more land and
resources
Spain
Francisco Franco-became a
totalitarian leader in 1939
Formed a fascist government
In the United States
Recovering from the Great
Depression
Isolationism became more popular
Congress passed Neutrality Acts; no
loans or arms sales to nations at war
FDR spoke out against isolationism;
said that peace-loving nations should
take a stand against lawless nations
War in Europe
Munich Pact
1938; Sudetenland (many Germanspeaking people lived there) in
Czechoslovakia was given to Hitler
Winston Churchill-prime minister of
Great Britain called the pact
“dishonorable appeasement”
Predicted appeasement would lead to
war
Appeasement: Trying to
pacify an aggressor in order
to keep peace
German/Soviet Union NonAggression Pact
Stalin and Hitler said that neither
would attack the other
Both agreed to attack, invade and
divide Poland
World War II
Axis
Germany
Italy
Japan
Bulgaria
Hungary
Allies
Great Britain
France
United States
(After Pearl
Harbor-1941)
Soviet Union
(eventually)
German Offensive
World War II began on September 1,
1939 when Germany invaded Poland
Many Jews lived in Poland
Blitzkrieg: “lightning war”; the
Germans attacked by surprise using
tanks and planes
Wanted to crush the enemy quickly
German Attack on France
May 1940
Italy attacked France from the
south
France surrendered June 1940
Vichy government: puppet Nazi
government that controlled
France in the south
Battle of Britain
August 1940
Germans bombed London night after
night
Radar first used by the British to
detect German planes
Britain never surrendered
Germany gave up the idea of
invading Britain
The Holocaust
Hitler wanted to make Germany
racially pure
Jews were blamed for German failure
and frustration
Many Jews were
professionals=lawyers, business
people, doctors, etc.
Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews
Holocaust Continued
Jews were forced to wear yellow stars
of David on clothing
America rejected many Jewish
refugees as well
Final Solution: Healthy Jews were
sent to slave labor camps
The rest were sent to extermination
and concentration camps
Holocaust Continued
Jews, homosexuals, communists,
gypsies, mentally and physically
disabled were rounded up and sent to
these camps
1941, 6 death camps were built in
Poland
6,000 killed daily
Auschwitz was the most severe
11 million people were killed as a
result
America moves toward war
November 1939, the Neutrality Acts
were amended; allowed Britain and
France to transport American arms
“All aid short of war” sent to help the
British
U.S. military forces were weak
First peacetime draft passed in
September 1940
Continued
President Franklin Roosevelt said
that the United States would not
enter war, unless attacked
June 1941, U.S. Navy ordered to
protect lend-lease ships
Atlantic Charter
U.S. and Great Britain-statement of
goals for fighting WW II, although the
U.S. was not yet at war
Winston Churchill-Prime Minister of
Great Britain
Called for peace and for all countries
to choose their own government
United States and Japan
Hideki Tojo- Japanese Prime Minister
and militant general
Japan needed American oil to run war
machine
U.S. cut off oil exports to Japan when
Japan invaded Indochina
Japan began peace talks with U.S.,
but secretly prepared for war
Continued
During peace talks, December 7, 1941,
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, a U.S.
naval base in Hawaii
Over 2,400 killed
Planes and ships destroyed
Congress declared war on Japan, then
Italy and Germany declared war on U.S.
The United States would fight a war on
2 fronts
America Enters WW II
War was fought on 2 fronts-Europe
and the Pacific
Many soldiers were needed
5 million volunteered; 10 million
drafted
Many minorities fought-Native
Americans, Hispanics, AfricanAmericans
WAAC
Women’s Auxillary Army Corps
Created to free more men for combat
Women served in the military, but did
not get the same pay or benefits
(nurses and radio operators)
Never fought in combat situations
Wartime Industry
Unemployment numbers
significantly decreased
Automakers made planes, tanks,
and other vehicles
Many women worked in these
industries while men fought in the
war
American Home Front During
World War II
Government recruited scientists
to develop medicines and new
weapons
–The result was radar, sonar,
penicillin and other drugs, and the
atomic bomb
Home Front Continued
Ways Americans supported the
war effort:
–Bought war bonds (liberty bonds)
–People collected scrap metal and
newspapers
–Many scarce goods were rationed
Meat, gasoline, sugar, etc.
Scrap Metal Drives
War Ration Book
Home Front Continued
Women greatly contributed to the
war effort
–“Rosie the Riveter”
Families planted “victory gardens”
Propaganda was used to
encourage Americans to support
the war
Rosie the Riveter
Propaganda to encourage women
to support the war effort
American Propaganda
American Propaganda
American Propaganda
American Propaganda
Japanese Americans
Many in the United States were
fearful Japanese Americans were
working against Americans
About 110,000 were confined and
sent to internment camps; about
2/3’s were actually nisei, or
American born U.S. citizens
Japanese Internment Camps
War Relocation Camps-Internment Camps
Important Events in World War
II
World War II begins when Germany
invades Poland-1939
Japan attacks the United States at Pearl
Harbor-December 7, 1941
German invasion of Soviet Union-19421943-Battle of Stalingrad-Germans
unsuccessful
Germany was pushed out of the Soviet
Union and North Africa-1943
Continued
D-Day: June 6, 1944- the largest
land-sea-air operation in history;
planned by General Dwight D.
Eisenhower; also known as
Operation Overlord
–Allies landed at Normandy Beach to
try to liberate (free) Western Europe
from the Germans and Axis powers
Continued
Franklin D. Roosevelt died on
April 12, 1945; Vice President
Harry S. Truman would take office
The Soviets reach Berlin in April
1945; Germany surrendered and
Hitler committed suicide on April
30, 1945
Continued
May 8, 1945; VICTORY IN
EUROPE day; known as VE Day
–The first part of the war was over
War in the Pacific
The strategy in the Pacific was called
island hopping
The plan was to attack less welldefended islands that Japan controlled
in the Pacific and eventually get to the
main island of Japan
There were many casualties in the
Pacific
Major American victories in the
Pacific
Coral Sea
Midway
Guadalcanal
Iwo Jima
Okinawa
U.S. feared very high casualties if
mainland of Japan was invaded
Americans at Iwo Jima
Use of the Atomic Bomb
Manhattan Project: secret code
name for the creation of the Atomic
Bomb
Many were divided about whether or
not to use the bomb
August 6, 1945: First atomic bomb
was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan
Atomic Bomb Continued
August 9, 1945: When Japan did
not surrender, a second atomic
bomb was dropped on Nagasaki,
Japan
By the end of 1945, an estimated
200,000 were dead in Japan as a
result
Results of World War II
The economy boomed during World
War ll
Many women entered the workforce
for the first time
Marriage rate boomed during the war
Divorce rate also increased as
servicemen returned home
Results Continued
GI Bill: allowed veterans to attend
college or technical school with paid
tuition
African Americans began striving
harder for equal rights
Japanese Americans suffered greatly
The United Nations was created in
1945