Download Dictators Threaten World Peace Germany

Unit 5: WWII
Chapter 16
Essential Question:
How might militarism and
expansion of territory evolve
into a world war?
1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Failure of the Treaty of
Versailles
– The treaty was suppose to create
stability in the governments of the
world.
– The reality was very different.
• Totalitarian regimes rose
up and seized control
over many of the
governments in Europe.
2
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Germany
Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party brought Nazism to
Germany through the ideology and practice of fascism
that incorporated biological racism and anti-Semitism
Italy
Benito Mussolini’s lead a Fascist form of government in
Italy
Japan
Hideki Tojo was Prime Minister of Japan when the attack
on Pearl Harbor took place plunging the Far East into a
war which was to end with the destruction of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki in August 1945
Spain
Francisco Franco led a Fascist revolution against the
government of Spain
The Soviet Union
Led by its leader, Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union began a
campaign to become a communist nation
3
Dictators Threaten World Peace
• The US refuses to get
involved
– Americans were not interested in
getting involved in the problems of
Europe.
– The Great Depression had created
long-lasting problems that focused
America’s energy on rebuilding and
recovery, not Europe.
4
Dictators Threaten World Peace
FDR on Foreign Policy
– FDR had an open policy when dealing
with the rest of the world, a view that
went against the average American
• FDR wanted to help allies, but
had to appease Americans
who were opposed to war.
• He provides “all aid short of
war” to allies after Germany
took France and Great Britain
is attacked.
5
America Moves Toward War
America moves closer to war
– Cash-and-Carry” Plan:
In an effort to avoid complete
US involvement, Congress
passed a series of resolutions
that would allow the US to sell
weapons to England and France
as long as they paid cash for
them and transported the
weapons using their ships.
6
America Moves Toward War
Lend-Lease Actin order to further help the British, the US
agreed to “lend” old US warships to
England in exchange for “leases” on ports
located throughout the Caribbean.
– This allowed FDR to support the British
war effort even though most Americans
did not want to get involved.
– The US moved further from neutrality
after Germany, Italy, and Japan, signed
an agreement that made them political
and military allies (the Axis of Power).
– The US response was to institute a
military draft and to increase military
spending for defense.
7
America Moves Toward War
• Support for Stalin
– Germany goes against its
nonaggression agreement with the
Soviet Union and invaded Russia in
hope of destroying the Soviet military
before it could respond.
– The US began to send war supplies to
the Soviet Union.
– German “Wolf Packs”, groups of
submarines working together began
to sink US transport ships.
– FDR orders military commanders to
shoot German submarines on sight.
8
America Moves Toward War
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7 1941)
“The day that will live in infamy”
– As US involvement in Europe
increases, Japan launches a surprise
attack on a US naval base in Hawaii.
– Japanese bombers attacked at dawn
killing nearly 2,500 US troops and
wounding over 1,000 more. By the end
of the day, the US had lost 21 ships
and over 300 planes.
– The next day (Dec 8, 1941) the US
declared war on Japan, WWII had
begun for the US.
9
Unit 5: WWII
Chapter 17
Essential Question:
How might a global conflict, like
WWII, change how people live
in America?
10
Mobilizing for Defense
Women and Minorities:
– Made economic gains during
WWII
– Shortages of traditional
working labor created new
opportunities for women and
minorities
Mobilizing for Defense
Navajo Code Talkers
The U.S. used Southwest Native
Americans who spoke Navajo to
transmit messages during the war
– Traditionally had no alphabet or
other written symbols
Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were the
first African American military
aviators in the United States
armed forces
– Highly decorated as skilled
pilots and soldiers
Mobilizing for Defense
Industry and Production
– “Total War”: nationwide,
factories were retooled and
converted to war production:
• Automobile manufacturers began
producing tanks, planes, and boats
• Soft-drink companies began filling
shells with explosives
Mobilizing for Defense
Manhattan Project
– The U.S. program to
develop an atomic
bomb for use in WWII
• Directed by American
scientist: J. Robert
Oppenheimer
Mobilizing for Defense
Rationing
• Establishing fixed
allotments of goods
deemed essential
for the military
– gas, shoes, sugar,
coffee, etc.
The War for Europe and North Africa
War Plans for the European
Front
• Churchill convinced Roosevelt
that Germany and Italy posed a
greater threat than Japan and to,
therefore, strike first against
Hitler
• Allies decide to only accept
unconditional surrender from Axis
countries
The War for Europe and North Africa
D-Day (allied forces
attack German
fortifications in France)
• June 6, 1944
• British, American, and
Canadian troops landed
on the coast of Normandy
in western France
• France, Belgium and
Luxembourg were freed
by September
The War for Europe and North Africa
V-E Day
– Hitler commits suicide
– Germany surrenders one
week later on May 8th,
1945--(V)ictory in (E)urope
Day!
– Roosevelt died in office the
month prior to V-E Day
• Vice President Harry
Truman was sworn in as
the 33rd President
The War in the Pacific
War Plans for the Pacific Front:
Battle of Midway
– The Allies decimated the
Japanese fleet at Midway Island
– The Allies then took the offensive
in the Pacific and began to island
hop towards Japan
The War in the Pacific
HIROSHIMA
NAGASAKI
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
– Allied leaders felt that an
invasion of Japan would lead
to heavy casualties
– Truman decided that the
only way to save American
lives and bring an end to
the war would be to use the
atomic bombs
LITTLE BOY
FAT MAN
– On August 6, 1945:
• An atomic bomb was released
over the city of
Hiroshima(killed ~140,000)
• Three days later another
bomb was dropped over the
city of Nagasaki
(killed ~70,000)
• Japan finally surrendered
The Home Front
G.I. Bill of Rights
– Gov’t paid for veterans
college and job training
– Helped veterans get loans
for homes, farms, and
businesses
The Home Front
Japanese Internment
– The sense of fear and
uncertainty that followed
Pearl Harbor created a
wave of prejudice against
Japanese Americans
– In February of 1942
Roosevelt, arguing that it
was necessary for
national security, ordered
the forced relocation of
110,000 Japanese
Americans from
California, Washington,
Oregon and Arizona
The Home Front
Zoot Suit Riots
•
The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of riots in
1943 during World War II that broke out in Los
Angeles, California, between Anglo American
Sailors and Marines stationed in the city, and
Latino youths, who were recognizable by the
zoot suits they favored.
•
Mexican Americans and white military
personnel were the main parties in the riots,
and some African American and Filipino
American youths were involved as well.
•
Although Mexican-American men were overrepresented in the military as a percentage of
their population, many European-American
servicemen resented the sight of Latinos
socializing in clothing considered extravagant
and unpatriotic during wartime.
End of World War II
The Yalta and Potsdam
Conferences
– Meetings between Roosevelt,
Truman, Churchill, Attlee,
and Stalin
– Establish the rule of conduct
for the Cold War
– Established United Nations:
• to encourage cooperation
among the great world
powers
– Established the two leading
superpowers:
• USA
• Soviet Union