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THE ROAD TO WAR
WORLD WAR II
BEGINS
Monday April 6th 2015
■Welcome Back
■Vocab Quiz Next Tuesday April 14th
■World War Two Test Monday April
20th
■I am on the war path with language
in my class. Every infraction will cost
you a detention and a sentence 200
times
Write these down
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Nonaggression pact
Blitzkrieg
Battle of Britain
Atlantic Charter
Pearl Harbor
Battle of Midway
Battle of Guadalcanal
Aryan
Holocaust
Kristallnacht
Ghetto
“final solution”
Genocide
Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day
16. Battle of the Bulge
17. Kamikaze
18. Nuremberg Trials
19. Demilitarization
20. Democratization
21. Charles de Gaulle
22. Winston Churchill
23. Erwin Rommel
24. Isoroku Yamamoto
25. Douglas MacArthur
26. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Essential Question:
What caused World War II?
In the 1930s, events throughout the world
led to conditions that started World War II
High unemployment, desperation, and
feelings of betrayal led to the rise of
totalitarian dictators
Fascist
dictators
Mussolini and
Hitler
threatened to
conquer new
territories for
Italy and
Germany
Extreme
nationalism
and a need for
raw materials
led to a desire
to expand in
Japan under
Hideki Tojo
By the 1930s, the world was moving
towards another war but few nations
were in a position to prevent war
Britain and France were the leaders of the
League of Nations, but both wanted to avoid
another bloodbath like World War I
The USA was focused on the Great Depression
and wanted to avoid foreign affairs
Japan, Italy, and Germany aggressively
expanded in Africa, Asia, and Europe
In 1936,
Germany,
Italy, and
Japan
formed an
alliance
called the
Axis
In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria in
order to seize its iron and coal mines
In 1937, Japan conquered northern China, then
murdered about 300,000 unarmed soldiers and
civilians during the “Rape of Nanking”
HOW DOES THE WORLD RESPOND TO THIS BLATANT
AGGRESSION BY THE JAPANESE?
ᆒThe League of Nations
officially condemned the
Japanese invasion, but took no
military action
ᆒJapan’s response? They
withdrew from the League of
Nations and continued to take
over Manchuria
ᆒBy 1934, Japan was issuing
threats, warning other nations
to not try to assist China in its
conflict with Japan
This cartoon shows what Japan now
thinks of the various peace treaties
it had signed in the past
THE RAPE OF NANKING
The Japanese took over the Chinese capital
city of Nanking, driving out Chinese forces
Nearly 500,000 Chinese civilians were
trapped in Nanking
Starting in December 1937 and
ending in January 1938, the Japanese
Army embarked on a six-week reign
of terror: torturing, raping,
mutilating, and murdering as many as
300,000 Chinese civilians (including
children and babies)
JAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE MILITARY CULTURE
Japanese
soldiers
followed the
Samurai’s
warrior code
called
“Bushido”; it
demanded
unquestioning
loyalty to the
divine emperor
Death in battle was seen as a
duty and was welcomed
Surrender was unthinkable for the Japanese
soldier: they felt that citizens or soldiers who
surrendered were less than human and deserved
nothing but humiliation, torture, and death
Part of Japanese Army
training was often the
killing of helpless
prisoners to drive away
any feelings of
humanity
As a Japanese soldier put it:
“Our training turned
human beings into
murdering demons.”
Tuesday April 7th 2015
■Vocab Quiz in 7 days
■Test in 13 days
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
A fascist leader in Spain,
Francisco Franco, started
a rebellion against Spain’s
government
Hitler and Mussolini sent
weapons, planes, and
troops to assist Franco
Hitler and Mussolini saw
this as an opportunity
test their newest
weapons (and help a
fellow fascist, too)
For this reason, the Spanish Civil War is called a
“dress rehearsal” for World War II
BOMBING OF GUERNICA
“Condor Legion” was the code name for the
Luftwaffe in Spain. Some of Germany’s leading pilots
in World War II sharpened their skills in the Spanish
Civil War, especially in the art of divebombing (as
you can see from the ruins of Guernica)
GUERNICA
In 1935, Mussolini
began his
campaign to
create a new
Roman Empire for
Italy by invading
Ethiopia
The Italian army
easily defeated
the Ethiopians
The spears,
swords, and
antique guns
of the
Ethiopians
were no
match for
Italian
airplanes,
tanks, guns,
and poison
gas
Ethiopian soldiers defending their
country from the Italian military
How did the League of Nations respond?
The League of Nations condemned Japanese and
Italian aggression but did nothing to stop the
attacks in an effort to maintain peace in the world
The failure of the League of Nations to stop Italy or
Japan encouraged Hitler to expand Germany as well
In 1935, Hitler
defied the
terms of the
Treaty of
Versailles and
expanded the
size of the
German
military
In 1936, Hitler moved his army
to the Rhineland (which was
supposed to be demilitarized)
Both times,
the League of
Nations
refused to
take action
against Hitler
in order to
avoid war
At this
point, the
German
military was
not yet
strong
enough to
defeat
France, if it
came to war
Hitler’s move to reoccupy
the DMZ of the Rhineland
was a blatant violation of
the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler took a risk,
but he was correct
in guessing how
badly the French
(and their allies)
did not want war
The horrors and
endless slaughter
of World War I
were still fresh on
the minds of the
French; they were
not willing to fight
over the Rhineland
WORLD WAR I SOLDIERS
HITLER’S AGGRESSIVE EXPANSION CONTINUES
In 1938,
Hitler
annexed
Austria
Next, Hitler demanded that the western
border of Czechoslovakia, an area known
as the Sudetenland, be given to Germany
HITLER’S AGGRESSIVE EXPANSION CONTINUES
The
Sudetenland
contained many
ethnic Germans;
Hitler wanted all
Germans (and
the land they
lived on) to be
ruled by
Germany
The Czechs
asked Britain
and France for
help
Britain’s Neville Chamberlain, France’s Edouard Daladier,
Germany’s Adolf Hitler, and Italy’s Benito Mussolini
Where is the Czech representative?
In 1938, leaders from England and France met with
Hitler and Mussolini at the Munich Conference in
order work out an agreement to avoid war
Germany was
allowed to keep the
Sudetenland when
Hitler promised to
stop expanding
This so-called
“peace for our
time” came at the
expense of
Czechoslovakia, but
the democratic
nations wanted to
deter Hitler’s
aggression without
provoking it
THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENT
As one historian put it:
“Munich was
surrender on an
installment plan. It
was like giving a
cannibal a finger in
hopes of saving an
arm.”
Within weeks, Hitler
told his generals to
prepare plans for
taking over the rest of
Czechoslovakia
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain after
the Munich Conference,
declaring that he gained
“peace for our time.”
THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENT
Britain and France
used appeasement
with Hitler: they gave
in to his demands in
order to avoid war
Six months after the
Munich Conference,
Hitler broke his
promise and annexed
ALL of Czechoslovakia
A GRIEVING CZECH WOMAN GREETS
NAZI TROOPS MARCHING INTO PRAGUE
THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENT
The League of
Nations, led by
Britain and France,
still did nothing.
However, they
promised that
ONE MORE
aggressive move
by Hitler would
lead to war
Hitler did not
believe them
In 1939, Hitler
demanded that
western Poland be
returned to
Germany, but he did
not want to provoke
a war with the Soviet
Union before he was
ready to do so (one
of Hitler’s long-term
goals was taking over
the USSR)
Stalin and
Hitler agreed to
the Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression
Pact, promising
never to attack
each other
Secretly, Germany and the USSR
agreed to divide Poland
On September 1st, 1939, Hitler ordered the
German military to attack Poland
HITLER’S PLAN FOR POLAND
In a speech to his military leaders, Hitler
leaves no doubt as to his intention with
Poland: “Kill without pity or mercy all men,
women, and children of the Polish race or
language.”
He also said in a public speech: “I shall
strike like lightning with the full force of a
mechanized army, of which the Poles have
no conception.”
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
On September
3rd, 1939,
Britain and
France
declared war
on Germany
World War II
had begun
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II?
Many factors played a part in the outbreak of
World War II, but it can be broken down to
FOUR MAIN CAUSES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The conditions of the Treaty of Versailles
The aggression of totalitarian dictators
The failure of the League of Nations
The failure of appeasement
Thursday April 9th 2015
■Vocab Quiz Next Tuesday
■Test is Monday April 20th 11 days.
■New Seating Chart :-D
■Topic for today: The Start of WWII.
Phony War
■ French & British mobilize their
armies after declaring war on
Germany, but both armies sit and
wait for the other to attack
■ Result = no actual fighting occurs
■ Sitzkrieg or “Sitting War”
Germany Advances
■ April 9, 1940, the
calm ended (of the
“phony war”). Hitler
launched a surprise
invasion of Denmark
and Norway
France Falls…
■A month later (May 1940)
Hitler took Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, and Belgium
■By June, Germany had taken
Paris, and Great Britain was
the last nation standing
between Germany’s revengeful,
Early Turning Point
■ With the fall of France,
Great Britain stood
alone against the Nazis.
■ Germans bombed both
military and civilian
targets, especially
London
■ Two advanced helped
turn the tide for
London: Radar and
Enigma
The Lightning
Stopped…
■ Battle of Britain: Britain
was attacked for 8
months; Hitler called off
the attack in May of 1941
to focus his resources
elsewhere: A huge
emotional and psychological
victory for the British
Hitler Turns to the Soviets…
■ Through threats and power, Balkan nations
Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary joined the Axis
Powers: Hitler’s goal? Take Soviets!
■ Back Breaking, two-sided mistake!
■ 1. Scorched-earth and the cold Russia winter
devastated German troops
■ 2. The attack divided German forces for
nearly two years…
The United States Helps…kind of…
■ The United States continued its refusal to join
the war
■ Roosevelt found another way to help: Atlantic
Charter
■ Also, Roosevelt kept food and ammunition
supplies well stocked for the British