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An End of Isolation Leads to War End of Japanese Isolation • Like China, Japan was an isolated nation for much of its history – 1853 American Commodore Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Harbor demanding trade opportunities • Some Japanese resisted this • Some Japanese supported this • Japan’s shogun realized they were no match for Perry’s cannons and steam ships – Treaty of Kanagawa was signed allowing the U.S. the right to trade in Japan • Many Japanese upset over this and at the shogun Meiji Restoration • 1868 the shogun is forced to step down – A 15 year old emperor gains power • Emperor and samurai believe it is time to modernize Japan • Three new goals for Japan – 1. Secure resources and gather wealth – 2. Modernize and strengthen the military – 3. Westernize culture and society • Equal law for everyone – Samurai power diminished – Women gain more power and value as factory workers – Education becomes important Nationalism and Militarism • During the early 1900s the Japanese modernized • 1929 the Great Depression slows their growth to almost “zero” – Japanese people get mad with the government – Military dictators take power • Promote nationalism – Extreme pride in your country • Promote militarism – Extreme support and pride for the military • Japan begins to use their military – Invade China and eventually ally with Hitler’s Germany World War II • To keep their military going the Japan are forced into war • Remember their limited space and resources • They needed oil, metals, farmland, water, and land • The Japanese also took the warrior code (Bushido) with them into World War II • “Kamikaze” pilots followed Bushido – Gave up their life and crashed plane into a target • Sacrifice their life for the good of the country and showed their honor and discipline World War II • The United States did not support Japan’s invasion of China or other islands around them – U.S. cuts off oil and resources • Japan tries to negotiate, but U.S. not interested • Japan plans surprise attack on U.S. to gain control of the entire Pacific and its resources – Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 Japanese bomb the harbor in Hawaii • The attack destroyed or very badly damaged 8 ships • Killed 2,500 sailors – This attack allowed Japan to conquer Hong Kong, the Philippines, Burma, and the Dutch West Indies • Get the resources they need World War II • After Pearl Harbor the U.S. officially joins WWII – Brutal battles occurred between the countries • Iwo Jima and Okinawa – U.S. bombs Japanese cities and destroy war ships • Japan is on the verge of collapse • The Bushido code makes it difficult for the Japanese to realize or accept defeat – Vow to fight till the death • U.S. President Truman decides to drop two atomic bombs in 1945 – Hiroshima and Nagasaki – Japan admits defeat and surrender on Aug 15, 1945 After World War II • Atomic bombs devastate Japan and its economy – Even U.S. did not know its power • After the war the United States rebuilt Japan – Became a manufacturing powerhouse • They now produce huge amounts of cars, trucks, computers, televisions, and other electronics • Education became even more important – Students go to school 6 days a week – Only 6 weeks off in the summer – Kids who want to go to college attend “Jukus” • Extra school that students go to after normal school