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Transcript
WORLD WAR II •Hitler believes Germ should build a great empire (the THIRD REICH) •Need more land to East (Russia) & Slavic peoples should be used as slaves to build rd 3 Reich • DON’T WRITE!! • Hitler creates new air force March 9, 1935. • Begins military draft (Against Treaty Of Versailles). • Fr, GB warn Germ, but do nothing. HITLER INVADES THE RHINELAND • DON’T WRITE • Hitler knows they won’t use force. • Invades RHINELAND March 1936 • DON’T WRITE! Fr won’t act w/o GB. • GB doesn’t support using force (b/c Germ owns Rhine any way) THE UNHOLY ALLIANCE •Hitler & MUSSOLINI (Italy) become allies, b/c they believe must create big empire MUSSOLINI & HITLER •1936: Germ & It sign treaty recognizing poli & eco interests called the Rome-Berlin Axis. . • Invades Ethiopia w/ Germ support, angering GB & FR AUSTRIA • DON’T WRITE!! • 1937, Hitler threatens to invade Austria. • Aus Chancellor put Nazis in charge of govt. • Govt then “invites” Germ troops to come in & maintain order. • Annexed March 13, 1938 •DON’T WRITE!! •Next goal: destroy Czechoslovakia • Demands Germ be given SUDENTENLAND (NW Cz) on Sept 15, 1938. •Policy of APPEASEMENTbelief that if you satisfy demands of unhappy nations, then unhappy powers will be content & there will be peace •Fr, GB, Germ & It meet at MUNICH CONFERENCE. France & GB appease Hitler & give him Cz. •(See chart above for rest) • Hitler promises to make no more demands. BIG LIE! • Cz abandoned • Neville Chamberlain, GB Prime Minister, says “This will create peace for our time” MUNICH CONFERENCE •Hitler thinks Euro weak & won’t stop him. Took over rest of CZ 1939 & demands Polish port of DANZIG. •GB & FR realize they need Soviets to stop Nazis & negotiate w/ USSR •ON Aug 29, 1939 Hitler & Stalin (USSR) sign Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact, promising not to attack each other (to prevent a 2 front war) Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact •Pact gave Stalin E.Poland & Baltics •Hitler invades Poland Sept 1, 1939. •Sept 3, GB & FR declare war. JAPANESE PATH TO WAR • Sept 1933: Japan attacks Manchuria for resources. • League of Nations sends investigators. •US warns Japan that economic SANCTIONS (economic restrictions to enforce laws) will be used unless Japan w/draws to old borders • Big Dilemma! • Japan must decide what they need more: Indochina’s resources or US’s oil & iron •Germany’s fast attacks shock world. •BLITZKRIEG-lightening war- used armored columns (called panzer divisions) supported by planes. • Each division had 300 tanks w/ forces & supplies. • Breaks through areas & then bring in regular troops. THE BLITZKRIEG •On 9/28/39, Poland surrenders & Germ & Soviets divide it up. •On 4/9/40, Hitler uses Blitzkrieg against Norway & Sweden. •On 5/10/40 launch attack on Netherlands, Belgium & Fr w/ main assault thru Luxembourg & ARDENNES FOREST. ARDENNES FOREST •Panzers break thru weak FR defenses, cut across FR, & go around MAGINOT LINE (Heavy fortifications) on Germ/FR border. •Splits Allies in half, trapping FR & GB on Dunkirk beaches •6/22/40Fr sign armistice & Germ occupies 3/5 of France. •Germ set up authoritarian regime •Brits ask US for help. •US passed NEUTRALITY ACTS & cannot take sides Hitler must get control of air to invade GB •Aug 1940 LUFTWAFFE launches attack (air force) • Hits bases, harbors, communication & industry. •Brits fight & suffer losses. • LUFTWAFFE DON’T WRITE • Hitler starts to bomb cities to get back at GB for raid in Berlin. • Because Germ stopped going after bases to get cities, GB rebuilds military strength. • Hitler backs off in Sept •Hitler thought Brits waiting for Soviet help •6/22/41- Hitler Invades USSR. •(Believed would win by winter). •1800 mile attack, but capture 2 mil Rus soldiers INVASION OF RUSSIA •Nov: Germ Army took Ukraine, 2nd attacked Leningrad & 3rd army 25 miles from Moscow. •Winter hits early & Strong Rus resistance stops Germ. • Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacks US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. • Try to destroy Pacific fleet. • Thought US would accept Japan’s domination of Pacific • KAMIKAZE (divine wind) were suicide pilots. •Japan took over much of SE Asia & W Pacific • US declares war Dec. 8 •Joins the ALLIES •Hitler declared war on US • New alliance- US, GB, & USSR are GRAND ALLIANCE • Agree to focus on military, not political issues. • Will fight until AXIS POWERS (Germ, It, Japan) have UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER- no conditions attached. •women enter workforce. •Some serve as nurses or WACS. • GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL (Desert Fox) & his AFRIKA KORPs break thru Egypt. • Last big success for Germ. • Brits stop Rommel at EL ALAMEIN & he retreats. • US & Br invade N. Africa Nov 1942. • It & Germ armies surrender in May 1943. • Hitler goes after Stalingrad (industrial center). -worst battle of the war. • Many starve during siege, but Nov 1942-Feb 1943 Soviets counterattack, encircling Germs & cutting off supplies during winter. •Germ army surrenders & HITLER GIVES UP ON RUSSIA BATTLE OF STALINGRAD US SUCCESS IN ASIA •BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA- 5/7/42- US stops Japan’s advance to Australia. •Battle of Midway Island 6/4/42 US destroys Japan’s navy. MAJOR TURNING POINT!!! BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA • DOUGLAS MACARTHURUS-move into Philippines thru S. Pacific Islands Others move across Pacific w/ combo of US marines, & navy to attack Japanese held islands, by island hopping. • • Winston Churchill calls Italy “Soft underbelly of Europe “ •DON’T WRITE!!! •AXIS forces surrender in Tunisia (1943) Allies move into Italy •Muss removed from power. •King Victor Emmanuel offers to surrender • DON’T WRITE • Germs free Mussolini & set up puppet Germ state in Italy. • Germ sets up defenses, takes Allies until 6/4/44 to take Rome •Allies open 2nd front w/ invasion of Fr from GB thru English Channel GENERAL EISENHOWER • Allied Forces under GEN DWIGHT EISENHOWER land at NORMANDY on 6/6/44aka D-DAY 1. 6/5/44- Stormy, men waiting in lSTs. 2. Germans nervous. Radio stations bombed, Luftwaffe grounded, telephone lines cut. Thought no invasion would occur 3. Commanders away attending a war game subject was naval assault on Normandy 4. At Calais, German radar picks up signals when Brits drop aluminum foil form planes & send up reflector balloons to look like troop transports 5. US & Brits launch parachute and glider drops behind beaches 6. Beaches at Normandy given code names: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno & Sword. Utah & Omaha taken by US, rest by Brits & Canadians. Use clickers to find way in dark 7. 1:11 AM germ general gets phone call. Word reaches Rommel at 2:15 AM, but doesn't believe this is the invasion. Sent message to Runstedt 8. 2:55 sends message to Berlin.but not sure if attack is atNormandy or Calais. At 4:15, knows its Normandy 9. Sends message to Jodl, asking for reserves. 10. Jodl wakes up 6;30 & DENIES order. 11. Too late. 150,000 men, 1500 tanks, 5300 ships land. Huge success. Many die in the attacks. Good thing because one week later, Germans launch V-1 rockets on England and V-2s later. Flew up to 120 miles altitude and could not be stopped. D-DAY INVASION OMAHA BEACH TRYING TO GET TO SHORE JUNE th 6 , 1944 BATTLE OF KURSK • On July 12th, Luftwaffe & artillery units bombed Soviets. • SS Divisions “were astonished to see masses of Soviet armor advancing towards them”. • Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle. •Soviets move west & take Ukraine, Baltics & Warsaw by 1945. • Enter Berlin in Apr 1945 & swept thru Hungary, Romania & Bulgaria • Hitler moves into bunker. • Commits suicide April 30, 1945, 2 days after Mussolini killed •5/7/45 Germany surrenders!! 1945: HARRY S TRUMAN debates whether to use atomic bomb. •Would stop invasion of Japan with million deaths, but don’t know true effects. Many civilians would die HARRY TRUMAN •8/6/45 drop bomb on HIROSHIMA, & NAGASAKI 3 days later. (levels cities, many die) •Emperor Hero Hito surrenders. •Dropped by Paul Tibbets HIROSHIMA Designati Mk-I "Little on Boy" Mk-III "Fat Man" Width 28 in. 60.25 in. Length 120 in. 128 in. Weight 8,900 lb. 10,300 lb. 15 - 16 Kt 21 Kt Yield CAPTAIN PAUL TIBBETS NAGASAKI Emperor Hirohito AUDIE MURPHY VICTORY!!! WAR DEAD • Total Servicemen worldwide: 16,112,566 • 6-10 million in concentration camps • 20 million to 50 million civilians • http://videopunks.com/index.php?name=Vi deo&op=view&video_id=18 • http://www.metacafe.com/watch/160126/a_ small_atomic_bomb/ •Period of political tension starts after war over ideology (political ideas) called COLD WAR!! •TEHRAN CONFERENCEStalin, Roosevelt & Churchill (Big Three) met in Tehran in Nov 1943 to decide course of war. • Stalin & FDR want an USBrit invasion of Germ thru France in spring 1944. • E. Europe would be freed by Soviets •YALTA CONFERENCE Met at Yalta in Russia (Feb 1945) •Soviets now in E. Euro. •Stalin wants pro-soviet govts along USSR border to act as a buffer for protection. •FDR wants: SELFDETERMINATION: each nation determines their govts. •Big 3 create & join UNITED NATIONS. • First meeting set for San Francisco April 1945. Germ must surrender unconditionally. • Germ divided into 4 zones ruled by FR, GB, USSR & US. •Free elections in Poland • POTSDAM CONFERENCEFDR dies & replaced by Harry Truman. • Truman wants free elections in E. Euro. • Stalin says no, (would not be prosoviet) • Winston Churchill says an “iron curtain” has descended across the continent. NUREMBURG TRIALS- Nazi leaders tried & convicted as war criminals in Nov ‘45Sept ‘46. Many executed Oct. 1 - last day - judges announced verdicts •12 given death: Goring, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Franck, Frick, Streicher, Sauckel, Jodl, SeyssInquart, Bormann (were hung Oct. 16, • Goering committed suicide •2 given life: Raeder, Hess •2 given 20 yrs: Baldur von Schirach, Speer •1 given 15 yrs, 1 given 10 yrs •3 acquitted: •12 more at Nuremberg - 175 convicted •10,000 Germans convicted - 250 death