* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download US/VA History SOL Review
Allied Control Council wikipedia , lookup
Swedish iron-ore mining during World War II wikipedia , lookup
India in World War II wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
Naval history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Technology during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere wikipedia , lookup
End of World War II in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Allied war crimes during World War II wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Western betrayal wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor wikipedia , lookup
American Theater (World War II) wikipedia , lookup
European theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Home front during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
7 minutes Allied Powers France Charles De Gaulle Led opposition against Germany after they took over France Allied Powers Great Britain Winston Churchill Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up Churchill Allied Powers Soviet Union (Russia) Joseph Stalin Great Purge – killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union Stalin Allied Powers FDR and Harry Truman Franklin D. Roosevelt Dies on April 12, 1945 FDR Vice President assumes role of President. Sees the country through he last few months of war – makes decision on the atomic bomb Axis Powers Italy Benito Mussolini Promised a new Roman Empire Bully Mussolini Axis Powers Japan Emperor Hirohito Wanted full political and economic control of Pacific Believed in militarism and military run Hirohito society Japan Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Responsible for all military operations during the war Tojo Axis Powers Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of Nazi political party Blamed Jews for all of Germany’s economic problems Since 1933, built up troops in RhinelandHitler September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain Official start of World War II Start of WW II in Europe Polish city of Wieluń just after German bombing,1st of September In August 1939 Germany1939 and the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact. In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland France and Britain (Poland’s allies) declared war on Germany. The Nazis succeeded in a “blitzkrieg” of Poland and quickly continued to move west. Early Battles of WW II German Next, France fell to the Nazis troops in 1940. enter Paris Throughout 1940-41, Germany June 14, attacked Britain with bombing 1940 raids, but the Royal Air Force withstood the attacks, and Hitler never invaded Britain. U.S. “NEUTRALITY” 1. 2. 3. Many ISOLATIONISTS in the U.S. opposed getting involved in Europe because WWI had caused financial debt Many believed that the manufacturers only wanted war to profit economically Death from WWI was still fresh in people’s memories U.S. “NEUTRALITY” The U.S. declared official neutrality, however, after Poland fell, Congress allowed “cash-and-carry”: The U.S. would sell arms to the Allies if they paid in cash and carried the goods away on their own ships + = U.S. “NEUTRALITY” After France fell, FDR transferred 50 WWI destroyers to Britain in return for the use of bases in Newfoundland and the Caribbean. “Destroyers for bases” U.S. “NEUTRALITY” While Britain suffered from the Nazi air raids night and day in 1940, Congress passed the first peacetime draft in U.S. History After FDR was re-elected to a third term, he urged Congress to provide more direct aid to the Allied nations. U.S. “NEUTRALITY” Congress passed the Lend Lease Act in 1941, which provided the Allies with weapons and supplies on credit. FDR said it was like “lending a garden-hose to a next-door neighbor whose house was on fire.” U.S. “NEUTRALITY” • • To make sure the Allied countries received the supplies, the U.S. Navy protected American merchant ships, and eventually, merchant ships were armed. By the fall of 1941, ships were instructed to “shoot on sight” any German submarine Japanese aggression In 1937Japan invaded China and Manchuria WHY? RESOURCES! The U.S. placed an embargo on oil & steel to Japan. Japanese aggression Japan and the U.S. attempted to negotiate, but Japan refused to withdraw from China. Japan attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 Japanese aggression infamy • FDR said this was “a date that FDR will live in infamy.” signing the • The attack on Pearldeclaration Harbor caused the U.S. to declare war of war with on Japan on December 8, 1941 Japan • Soon, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. U.S. preparation for war Government rationed some products. U.S. preparation for war War bonds & income taxes funded the war. U.S. preparation for war Factories made war-time products. U.S. preparation for war Selective service (draft) put more men in the army. Building Morale Government censored the media. Ad campaigns and patriotic movies and newsreels kept up public morale. Newsreel Minorities in WWII African-Americans fought in segregated units, like the Tuskegee Airmen. Tuskeegee Minorities in WWII Japanese-Americans fought in segregated Nisei Regiments. Nisei Minorities in WWII Mexican-Americans fought in integrated units. Minorities in WWII Code Talkers Native American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese. HOW? The Japanese could not figure out the messages because Navajo is a language, not a code. Minorities had many casualties & won many medals. African-Americans and women moved to northern cities to work in factories. Minorities in WWII Rosie the Riveter War Strategies--AXIS In 1941,Germany turned against the U.S.S.R., who had been an ally before. Germany hoped to use blitzkrieg (lightning war) to defeat the U.S.S.R. & Britain before the U.S. could get organized. War Strategies--AXIS Japan hoped to conquer so much land that the U.S. would be scared to fight. War Strategies--ALLIES “defeat Hitler first” before dealing with Japan Defeat him first! When the U.S. entered the war this was the deal FDR made with Churchill War Strategies--ALLIES In the Pacific, the U.S. went “island hopping,” conquering one small island after another on the way to Japan. First Major Allied Victory In North Africa, the Germans wanted Middle Eastern oil and control of the Suez Canal. The British defeated them at El Alamein in 1942. El Alamein Turning Points The Allies invaded Normandy on the French coast D-Day, Normandy June 6, 1944. Allies pushed west through France until they reached Germany in 1945. D-Day Turning Points Soviets defeated Germans at Stalingrad after a long siege July 17, 1942-January 31, 1943. The Germans were forced to Stalingrad retreat west from the USSR, and they were being pushed east out of the Mediterranean at the same time by the Allies. Turning Points Midway was the first U.S. defeat of Japan in the Midway Pacific in 1942. This battle started the “island-hopping” campaign. Turning Points The U.S. won bloody battles for Iwo Jima & Okinawa in Okinawa 1945 as they Iwoapproached Jima the Japanese mainland. Many Japanese pilots committed suicide by kamikaze attacks during these battles. End of WWII Hitler shot himself, and Germany surrendered. V-E Day: May 8, 1945 End of WWII U.S. dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan on Aug. 6 and 9. V-J Day: Aug. 15, 1945 Results of the War Japanese Internment Out of fear that Japanese in America were spies they were sent to camps. In 1942 FDR issued Executive Order 9066 which ordered the internment of over 110,000 Japanese-Americans Internment Japanese Internment Many lost property & money and faced prejudice. The Supreme Court upheld the internment in Korematsu v. U.S. The U.S. has since apologized and provided compensation The Geneva Convention set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns. Bataan Death March killed many U.S. POWs in the Philippines as their Japanese captors moved them from one camp to another Hitler’s Targeted Final Solution Jews, Gypsies, Genocide: Poles, Slavs, and “undesirables” (mentally ill, systematic killing of homosexuals, and political adissidents). particular group About12 million were killed. of people Path to Genocide Nuremberg Trials Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes. This increased the desire for a Jewish homeland, Israel Israel, which was established in 1948.