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WWII
1939-1945
Blitzkrieg Unleashed
GermanPlane:
Jonker 87
Stuka Dive Bomber
Aftermath of Bombing Raid
Polish Defense
The War Begins
Early Axis Victories: 1939
Germany invades Poland: falls in less
than 6 weeks
USA begins Cash and Carry program:
nations must pay first and provide own
transport for goods
After Poland…what’s next?
France and England declare war on Germany: Set
up defense instead of attacking
Was the Maginot Line Successful?
Early Axis Victories: 1940
After Poland, period of
waiting known as sitzkrieg
takes place.
Early spring Denmark,
Norway, Belgium and
Netherlands (the lowlands)
defeated…sitzkrieg over
France defeated in 6 weeks
British troops escape at
Dunkirk; nearly defeated
Japan successfully attacks
French Indochina.
Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
Dunkirk
Miracle at Dunkirk
Was Blitzkrieg Effective?
•"When the dive-bombers come down, they (the
French) stood it for two hours and then ran with
their hands over their ears.“
•"Sedan fell as a result of a bombardment….it
was a superb example of military surprise.“
•"The pace is too fast……it’s the co-operation
between the dive-bombers and the tanks that is
winning the war for Germany.“
•"News that the Germans are in Amiens…this
is like some ridiculous nightmare."
Battle of Britain 1940-41
Germany attempts to
invade the British Isle
(operation sea lion)
Turns Luftwaffe loose
British cities heavily
bombed
Citizens take cover in
subway tunnels
Protected by radar
Battle of Britain 1940-41
Battle of Britain 1940-41
British Royal Air Force
(RAF) uses radar to
great advantage
Britain never invaded
“Never in the field of
human conflict was
so much owed by so
many to so few”
Operation Barbarossa 1941-45
Hitler grows frustrated
with Britain
In need of
Lebensraum: living
space
Seeks other prize:
Soviet Union
Great Breadbasket
in order to remain
healthy, species must
continually expand the
amount of space they
occupy ...'
Breaks non-aggression pact
Hitler unleashes
Wehrmacht: uses most
of best troops
3,000,000 Axis troops
march into Soviet Union
“when the attack on
Russia starts the
world will hold its
breath.”
Overconfidence?
“We have only to kick in
the front door and the
whole rotten Russian
edifice will come
tumbling down.” (Hitler)
Read through the events and create a title
Label when each event occurred
Put the events in order
Copy the correct order on a separate sheet of
paper or onto your notes
Costly Mistake
Poorly planned operation
Soviets caught by surprise, but
able to defend: scorched earth
policy announced by Stalin
Hitler’s troops can’t handle
Russian winter
Soldiers froze, supply lines
broke down, equipment
wouldn’t operate
Loses 50% his army
American Neutrality Changes 1941
USA changes policy from Cash
and Carry to Lend Lease
Why?
President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill agree upon
Atlantic Charter: belief that war
is being fought to preserve and
ensure democratic ideals
throughout world
Axis in the Pacific
Japan wishes to dominate all of Asia
Japan led by Hidecki Tojo and
Emperor Hirohito
Tojo
Hirohito
Pearl Harbor
USA places embargo on Japan: oil and
steel sales cut off
Japan must knock out naval base in
Hawaii
Pacific will be theirs to dominate
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor Attack
USA ignored several
warnings
Japan breaks off
diplomatic ties in
December
Attack planned/led
by Admiral
Yamamoto
Pearl Harbor Results
Over 2,300
servicemen dead
5 battleships sunk
Several other ships
badly damaged
USS Arizona suffers
greatest losses
“Yesterday, December
7th, 1941 a date which
will live in infamy”…
“Yesterday, December
7th, 1941 a date which
will live in infamy”…
Write a paragraph explaining
the significance of this quote
Bataan Death March
Takeover of
Philippines
15,000-20,000
American troops
marched 65 miles
Intense heat
No provisions
Listen to survivor’s
experience!
Thousands of Americans and Filipinos
killed at the hands of the Japanese
On the Homefront
What do you do when you think the
enemy lives among you?
Do citizens from countries we are at war
with have the same rights?
How do you identify the enemy?
Pearl Harbor’s Impact on the
Japanese
Anti-Japanese
sentiments have
existed in the United
States for several
decades prior to the
attack on Pearl
Harbor.
The attack of Pearl
Harbor shocked the
American public,
resulting in
widespread hysteria
and paranoia.
(www.usatoday.com/.../contenttemplate14.htm)
Those of Japanese
ancestry living on the
West Coast were to
be relocated.
Internment refers to
the forced
imprisonment and
relocation of a group
of people.
Internment Camps
First they came for the Socialists, and I did
not speak out-Because I was not a Socialist.
Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and
I did not speak out-Because I was not a Trade Unionist.
Then they came for the Jews, and I did not
speak out-Because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for me--and there was no
one left to speak for me.
- Martin Niemoller (1892-1984)
The Allies Strike Back: 1942
•Germany and Italy control most of Europe
•Britain and Soviet Union free and fighting back
•USA joins Allies and felt Germany must be the focus
The Allies Strike Back
Allies fully involved in Operation TorchUSA/UK operation to take back North Africa
from Italy and Germany.
Important:
• oil fields of Middle East—fuel essential for military
• supply lines connecting Britain and India
General Dwight Eisenhower named
Supreme Allied Commander of Allied forces
in Africa/Europe
Top military post of all British, USA, France etc.
Italy “Soft Underbelly” of the Axis
Weakest, most vulnerable of the 3
Battle of El Alamein
What
problems can
you see
fighting in this
harsh
environment?
WHAT PROBLEMS CAN YOU SEE
FIGHTING IN THIS
ENVIRONMENT?
•Heat
•Lack of vision
•Equipment breaks down
•Difficult to breath
•Traveling through desert sands is slow
Victory at El Alamein: May 1943
Vs.
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel leads
Afrika Corps (The Desert Fox)
General Bernard Montgomery (Monty)
Allied win opened up possibility
of attacking Italy
The Allies Strike Back: 1943
Italian campaign begins in
Anzio
.
Sicily and works its way up
the boot towards Rome
Italy gives up and imprisons
Mussolini; no longer in
power, but German troops
move in to fight.
Fierce battle at Anzio
Rome taken in June of 44’.
The Allies Strike Back: 1943
Tehran (Iran)
Conference held-FDR,
Churchill, and Stalin meet
and finalize plans:
Agreed that the U.S. and
Britain should attack across
the English Channel
USSR wanted immediate
attack to help split German
forces.
Soviets felt they were being
forced to bear excessive
burden vs. Germany
US and UK waited to build
up forces.
USSR promises to help
versus Japan after
Germany’s defeated
Churchill, (U.K.)
FDR, (U.S.A) Stalin, (U.S.S.R)
The Allies Strike Back: 1944
Operation Overlord (June 6th, ‘44)
famously known as D-Day
D stands for nothing…variable that depends
on various factors like the weather to
determine when a mission will take place
Allies attack coast of France w/ 150,000
troops and 4,600 boats
Operation aimed to liberate France and
then defeating Germany itself.
German army was taken by surprise, they
expected the attack to come from further
north in Calais.
Deception campaign
Inflatable tanks and planes, fake military
orders leaked to Nazi’s etc.
By July Allies had landed 1million men+
Nazis
expected
attack
here.
What countries participated?
Normandy Beach Scene:
1st month
Battle of the Bulge: 1944
Last counterattack
made by Germany in
Dec, 1944
Luxembourg/Belgium
border
Surprised Allied
forces
Largest land battle of
war…over 1 million
soldiers!
The Allies Strike Back: 1945
Allies push towards Germany from all
sides and horror over the Holocaust
becoming very evident in Poland and
Eastern Germany
Holocaust Quiz
Put the list of events in order:
Rise in Anti-Semitic beliefs in Nazi Germany
Kristallnacht (night of broken glass)
Jews sent to concentration camps
The Final Solution is attempted at extermination
camps
Nuremberg laws
The Final Solution
Holocaust
Who was involved?
Jews, gypsies, mentally and physically
disabled, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah
Witnesses etc.
Holocaust
What were the results?
Estimated 12,000,000 people died
2/3 of all European Jews executed
½ of all executed were Jewish
Yalta Conference: 1945
Yalta Conference held—
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin
meet and finalize plans for
end of war:
Germany to be split into 4
zones
Poland boundary redrawn,
USSR gets Kurile Islands in
exchange for help against
Japan
1932
vs.
1945
Tragedy Strikes!
Reluctantly ran for
4th term in office
Physically and
mentally tired
April 1945, FDR
dies suddenly after
complaining of a
headache in Warm
Springs, GA retreat
Harry Who?
What am I
getting myself
into?
Harry
who?
Harry Truman takes
office.
New Vice President…
replaced Henry Wallace
“Hick from Missouri”
Kept in dark of key
ideas including:
Manhattan Project
Germany Collapses
Russians and
Americans advance
into Berlin
Last days spent
inside Berlin Bunker
with Eva Braun and
his dog Blondi
I’m the luckiest
girl in the world to
be having dinner
with a man like
Hitler
Welcome to Berlin
Germany Collapses
Hitler weds
Eva Braun
Commits
suicide
next day
(4/30/45)
Complete #2 of the section
assessment on page 745
War Ends in Europe
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)-Victory in Europe Day:
Germany surrenders
USA Defeated
forced General Douglas MacArthur to
leave Philippines—“I Shall Return”
The Allies Strike Back: 1942
Americans turn tide of Pacific fighting:
Doolittle Raid (April)
Coral Sea (May)
Midway (June)
Doolittle Raid (April)
(James) Doolittle Raids: bomb Tokyo from
carrier based at Midway
Japan’s 1st taste of war at home
Psychological effect soon after Pearl Harbor
• Showed we are still a force and your day is coming
CORAL SEA
Battle of Coral Sea: May 1942
Japan intends to invade Australia
Engage in battle with USA
1st Carrier battle in history
Removed threat to Oceania
USS Lexington
USS Yorktown
Admiral
Chester Nimitz:
Head of Pacific
Fleet
Battle of Midway: June 1942
Midway base destroyed but USA carriers
destroy 4 Japanese carriers
Turning point in Pacific Fighting
Japanese offensive capability crushed: all carriers
destroyed
Elite unit Japanese Zero Fighters lost
• Unable to replace materials and skilled pilots, mechanics
and commanders
Carriers
U.S.S. Yorktown
U.S.S. Lexington
Destroyed
Severely damaged: thought 90
days to repair
Turned tide at Midway days
later!
Japanese hadn’t planned on
Yorktown’s resources being available
Island Hopping Campaign
Victories provided key to
launching attacks
Random efforts to free
Japanese held islands
Cut off supplies from Japan
• Left to “die on the vine”
• War over for many years before
some isolated soldiers realized
Dug in in Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
Foreshadowed what invasion of
Japan might be like
Impacted our decision to use
atomic bomb
Raising the flag over Iwo Jima in the Marshall Islands
(Part of the island hopping)
New Strategy
Resources scarce:
planes, fuel, bombs,
pilots etc.
Must maximize remaining
stock
Banzai and Kamikaze
attacks begin
Banzai-human suicide
missions on the ground
Kamikaze-planes used as
bombs
• 9/11 was not an original idea
Success: Manhattan Project
Urged by Einstein letter
Atomic bomb tested in NM
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
charge
Moral dilemma for Truman
Drop bomb or alternate plan?
in
Potsdam Conference: 1945
Potsdam Conference
held-Truman, Churchill,
and Stalin
Agree to concept of
United Nations
Agree to use atomic
bomb
Issue vague warning to
Japan to surrender or
face “prompt and utter
destruction”
War ends in the Pacific
2 atomic bombs are
dropped over Japanese
cities of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
Little Boy (L) and Fat Man (R)
War ends in the Pacific
VJ Day: August 15th 1945
Day that Japan Surrenders
Formal Treaty Signed
Douglas MacArthur and
Emperor Hirohito sign treaty
aboard USS Missouri
USA occupies Japan until
1951
New Constitution
Education Reform
Military deconstructed