Download Programming and Problem Solving with Java: Chapter 14

How do you define AI?

You were supposed to write a paper
for today?
At your tables spend five minutes talking
about what you wrote.
Identify some “common ground” in your
responses.
Identify an idea that someone else wrote
about that you wished you had said.
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How do you define AI?

You were supposed to write a paper
for today?
What did you discuss?
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How others define AI
1.
2.
3.
"a collection of algorithms that are
computationally tractable, adequate
approximations of intractably specified
problems" (Partridge, 1991)
"the enterprise of constructing a physical
symbol system that can reliably pass the
Turing Test" (Ginsberg, 1993)
"the field of computer science that
studies how machines can be made to
act intelligently" (Jackson, 1986)
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How others define AI
4.
5.
6.
"a field of study that encompasses
computational techniques for performing
tasks that apparently require intelligence
when performed by humans" (Tanimoto,
1990)
"a very general investigation of the
nature of intelligence and the principles
and mechanisms required for
understanding or replicating it" (Sharples
et al., 1989)
"the getting of computers to do things
that seem to be intelligent" (Rowe, 1988) 5
Defining AI
For most people, a definition of AI
centers around the concept of
"intelligence" and some form of the
questions:
What is intelligence?
How can minds work?
How do human minds work?
Can non-humans have minds?
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Defining AI

These questions weren’t invented by
computer scientists.
They have puzzled philosophers, biologists
and psychologists for centuries.
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Defining AI
What is intelligence?
 How can minds work?
 How do human minds work?
 Can non-humans have minds?

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What is intelligence?

Do the following tasks require
intelligence when solved by a
human?
Brain Teaser
Tic Tac Toe
Math Puzzle
Puzzle Game
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The Travelling Farmer

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A farmer is travelling with a fox, a goose,
and a sack of grain
Wants to cross a river using one canoe
Canoe can hold the farmer and one other
item
Never leave the fox alone with the goose
Never leave the goose alone with the grain
Aim: To get all safely across the river
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Missionaries and Cannibals
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Three missionaries and three cannibals
Want to cross a river using one canoe.
Canoe can hold up to two people.
Can never be more cannibals than
missionaries on either side of the river.
Aim: To get all safely across the river
without any missionaries being eaten.
[Variant: 5 and 5 with a canoe that
holds 3]
Tic Tac Toe

Traditional

Variation
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Math Puzzle

Ken Ken
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Puzzle Game
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What is intelligence?

Do the following tasks require
intelligence when solved by a
computer?
Brain Teaser
Tic Tac Toe
Math Puzzle
Puzzle Game
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How this course will define AI

Artificial Intelligence is a science that
has defined its goal as
giving machines the ability to perform
tasks that, when performed by
humans, require intelligence. These
include the ability to solve problems,
make decisions, to learn and to
understand.
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