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Evolution Review AP Bio What is natural selection? Survival of the fittest Those with the best adaptations survive and reproduce What are the 5 prezygotic barriers? Temporal isolation Habitat isolation Behavioral isolation Mechanical isolation Gametic isolation How old is the Earth? 4.6 Billion years old List the categories of taxonomy. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species What are the 3 domains? Bacteria (prokaryote) Archaea (prokaryote) Eukarya What happens after mass extinctions? Animals that survive reproduce and become more diverse What is Pangaea? The supercontinent that existed 200 mya What can plate tectonics cause? Volcanoes Islands Earthquakes Move continents together or apart Mountains What caused the Cretaceous extinction and how do we know? An asteroid There is a large crater under the Gulf of Mexico with minerals from outer space What are lemurs, and where do they live? Primates Prosimians Madagascar Which ape spends the most time in trees? Gibbons Who is Jane Goodall? English Primatologist Studied chimpanzees Saw them make tools Who is Mary Leakey? Archaeologist Found fossilized footprints and Lucy Who is Lucy? Our ancestor Australopithecus aferensis Who is Ida? 65 myo common ancestor of all primates, including us Which ape are we most closely related to? Chimpanzees Where did modern humans evolve? Africa When did modern humans evolve? 100,000 years ago What was the first major step in human evolution? Evolution of bipedalism List some anthropoids Monkeys Apes Humans List some prosimians Lemurs Tarsiers Lorises List some apes Gorilla Chimp Bonobo Gibbon Orangutan What is an exaptation? When a structure evolves for one purpose and then later is adapted for another Like feathers on dinos then birds What is a phylogenic tree? A diagram that traces evolutionary relationships What is convergent evolution? When 2 species that are not closely related resemble each other because they live in similar environments Like bee wings and bird wings Sharks and dolphins Which kingdoms are included in Domain Eukarya? Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Which domains are prokaryotic? Bacteria Archaea Which primates have prehensile tails? New World Monkeys What is the oldest known primate group? prosimians When did all primates share a common ancestor? 65 mya Which primates use tools? Chimps Humans Do we come from monkeys? No, we share a common ancestor List the 3 main species of Homo in the order they evolved. Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapien Where is the Fertile Crescent and what is it like? The Middle East “Cradle of Civilization” Where culture developed Used to be farms, now it’s a desert due to overgrazing Name some Old World Monkeys Baboons Languar Monkey Name some New World Monkeys. Spider Monkey Tamarin Monkey What caused the adaptive radiation of finches on the Galapagos? Geographic isolation If p is equal to 0.6, what is q? 0.4 If 600/1000 people show the dominant phenotype, what is q2? 400/1000 = 0.4 Always always always find q2 first What are the 5 H-W conditions? Large pop Random mating No mutation No gene flow No selection (equal reproductive success) The founder’s effect is an example of what? Genetic drift What do we use phylogenic trees for? To show which organisms/groups of organisms are most closely related What things are homologous to human arms? Whale flipper Bat wing Frog leg Cat arm List King Philip in order Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance? Natural selection Survival of the fittest How did Linnaeus classify organisms? By how they look (physical characteristics) Polyploidy is an example of ______ speciation? sympatric What is a species? A group of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring What is adaptive radiation? The evolution of several species from one single species What is kin selection? The survival of related individuals with shared genes due to altruistic behavior What is the founder effect? The establishment of a new, genetically unique population through genetic drift What is convergent evolution? The independent development of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms Which results in more variation, sexual or asexual reproduction? sexual Why are mules sterile? The chromosome number changed and no gametes will pair up the right way