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New Science and Art Cultural Revolution 1750-1900 New Science • Cell Theory: – 1838, Biologist Theodor Schwannand Botanist Mathias Scheiden • Evolution – Charles Darwin, naturalist, On the Origin of Species (1859). • Theory: Natural Selection • Genetic – Gregor Mendel, Studied pea plants in 1860. • Theorized that “small particles” were passed down from parent to offspring. • Germ Theory – Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur developed understandings of germs and vacinations. Worked with small pox and improved sterile conditions in surgery. New Science (cont…) Psychology: • Sigmund Freud, (1890s) – Id--irrational unconscious, (pleasure principle) – Super Ego-- Rational mind, (reality principle). – Ego-- resolution of the ID and Super Ego. • This is the outward person we all are in society • His theories, known as psycho-analysis, used dream theory and the unconscious mind to define human behavior. • This is a direct conflict to the Behaviorist school of psychology • Ivan Pavlov: – Psychologist who studied animal behavior. Began behaviorist school of psychology. New Art • Impressionism • Romanticism – In Literature, poetry, music and art. – Reaction to logic and reason of the Enlightenment. – Emphasized emotion, nature, personal freedom, and mythic historical figures – Painters abandoned traditional rules of perspective, light and color. – Strived to capture “an impression” their subject left on their senses. • Postimpressionism – Rejection of impressionism and all rules of art. – “I do not want to reproduce nature, I want to re-create it.” -P. Cezanne Romanticism: Liberty leading the People, E. Delacroix Impressionism: C.Monet Postimpressionism: P. Cezanne New Art Web Assignment AP World History • Use the internet to find examples of paintings and other art work from the movements we discussed Today in class. You need to find one piece of art for each of the 3 movements below: Romanticism Impressionism Post impressionism Website to try: • Art History on the Web--http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHLinks.html • The Metropolitan Museum--http://www.metmuseum.org/
