Download Unit 3 Vocab.

Unit 3
Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes!
1. ECOLOGY
● study of organisms and their
__________with
their environment
relationship
2. COMPETITION
 two species ____
fight for a limited
resource
 resources include: food, water,
shelter, and space
3. PREDATOR
● An organism that lives by
preying
________on
other organisms
4. ADAPTATION
 anything that helps an organism
reproduce
survive AND __________
 can be a physical trait or a behavior
5. EXTINCTION
 when ____
ALL members of species die
Cuban spider monkey,
 Example: _____________________
_____________________________
Passenger pigeons, blue pike (a fish),
many plants and insects
_____________________________
The Peppered Moth
6. MUTATION
 a change in the ____
DNA making up a
gene (accidental and random!)
 produces a new trait
 new trait may or may not be beneficial
to an organism
7. CHARLES DARWIN
• visited Galapagos
__________ Island
• proposed the Theory of Natural
Selection (below)
8. NATURAL SELECTION
 a process which takes a long time
 Individual organisms that are better
adapted to their environment survive
successfully
and reproduce more _____________
than less well adapted individuals.
8. NATURAL SELECTION
 Example: Finches (birds) on the
Galapagos Islands. When there were
many large seeds, birds with larger
beaks survived and reproduced more
than those with smaller beaks
survival
 Sometimes called “__________
of the
fittest”
Video Questions
1. How did genetic mutations play a role
in the fur color of the pocket mouse?
2. How did Natural Selection work to
change the percentages of light and
dark colored mice?
3. After scientists decoded the genes of
the mice, what was something
surprising that they noticed across a
variety of dark colored mice?
9. INVASIVE SPECIES
NOT native to the
 a species that is _____
area
 competes with native species
 many times has no natural predator in
the new area
10. SYMBIOSIS
 a close relationship between species
that benefits at least one of the
species. There are three forms.
 mutualism  both species benefit
(_____)
• commensalism  one species
benefits; the other is neither helped nor
harmed (_____)
• parasitism  one species lives on or
inside another species and harms it
(_____)
11. PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
physical traits that help organisms
survive and reproduce
blends
• protective coloration – coloring ______
camouflage
into the environment (_______________)
• beak design – different beak shapes
food
are suited for different __________
types
(e.g. insects, nectar, etc.)
• seed dispersal – seed design allows it
travel
to ________
to new locations (e.g.
“helicopter” seeds; floating seeds, etc.)
• pollination – mixes up genes (pollen
diversity
with egg) creating ___________
in
organisms
• diurnal – physical characteristics suited
daytime
for ___________
activities
• nocturnal – physical
characteristics suited
nighttime
for ___________
activities
• endothermic – animal maintains a
constant body temperature despite
___________
changes in the temperature of the
environment (“warm-blooded”) – birds &
mammals
• ectothermic – animal maintains body
heat from its
temperature by getting ______
environment (“cold-blooded”) – all
animals except birds & mammals
12. BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS
• hibernation – animals become inactive
in winter (metabolism slows to conserve
low
energy during long periods of _____
temp and _____
low food supply)
• estivation – animals become inactive in
summer (metabolism slows to conserve
high
energy during long periods of _____
low water supply)
temp and _____
• migration – seasonal movement of
animals. Purposes of migration include:
warm mate, find _____,
food give
to stay _____,
birth and so on.
______,
• dormancy – plants enter a resting or
inactive stage. No new growth
__________
appears. Many trees go dormant.