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Given that early atmospheric conditions on Earth contained no oxygen, which organisms would most likely have appeared first? A. aerobic, single-celled organisms B. anaerobic, single-celled organisms C. aerobic, multi-celled organisms D. anaerobic, multi-celled organisms If a student were interviewing Charles Darwin regarding his research, which question would most likely be asked? A. How does DNA change with evolution? B. What is your opinion of the Big Bang Theory? C. Do you believe an individual can change his or her genetic makeup? D. Why do Galapagos finches have different shaped beaks? In order for bacteria to develop a resistance to antibiotics, natural selection must occur. What must be present for natural selection to occur? A. nutrition B. variation C. a large number of bacteria D. a wide variety of antibiotics While on the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin studied different species of finches. He found the finches to have several physical traits in common; however, the beak structure of the finches was different. Which conclusion did Darwin most likely draw from these observations? A. The finches had the same diet. B. The finches lived in the same habitat. C. The finches were probably related through common ancestry. D. The finches were brought to the Islands by various travelers. How do scientists explain the increase in oxygen in Earth’s early atmosphere? A. Microbes produced oxygen through photosynthesis. B. Ozone was dissolved, creating free oxygen in the atmosphere. C. Greenhouse gas molecules were separated into atmospheric oxygen. D. Water condensed as the Earth cooled, creating water-filled depressions. Scientists drill a core sample from the bottom of a lake and find evidence of evolution in the core. Which did the scientists most likely find that helped them use relative dating to support the theory of evolution? A. rocks covered by sand and silt B. a soil profile of surrounding soil types C. living organisms dating to prehistoric times D. an undisturbed, layered fossil history of life in the area Two squirrel species live on opposite sides of the Colorado River. How could a population of Abert squirrels produce the Kaibab species of squirrels across the Colorado River? A. The Abert squirrels crossbred with gray squirrels, resulting in the creation of the Kaibab species. B. Temporal isolation and behavioral isolation caused the Abert squirrels to separate into two colonies. C. Abert and Kaibab squirrels look and act differently, but genetically are the same. D. The river’s formation separated the two populations of squirrels and created separate gene pools. Which statement most accurately explains radioactive dating of fossils? A. Fossils are crushed and then exposed to radioactive x-rays to determine their age. B. Fossils are dated by testing radioactive isotopes in the rocks in which they are embedded. C. Fossils are collected in layers of rock in the order in which they were deposited and are then exposed to radioactive emissions. D. Fossils are exposed to radioactive isotopes, compared to similar fossils in museums, and added to the timeline where they belong. Scientists believe some bacteria have developed resistance to modern drugs. Which best explains why this has occurred? A. overuse of antibiotics B. underuse of antibiotics C. exposure to solar radiation D. exposure to sudden temperature change As Darwin traveled among the Galapagos Islands, he found finches whose type of beak determined the type of food they ate. A finch eating nuts would have a short, strong beak while a finch eating nectar would have a longer beak. Which mechanism of evolution would cause this to happen? A. adaptive radiation B. convergent evolution C. reproductive isolation D. stabilizing selection