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MobileMAN meeting Helsinki 7.6.2004 Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola {Jose, Nicklas.Beijar, Raimo.Kantola}@netlab.hut.fi Networking Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 3000, FIN-02015, Finland Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 1 Preliminary architecture: Main modules Terminal Applications Context Roaming Module AdHoc_Framework Context Roaming Module • Provides the API to applications to roam depending on context information Ad Hoc Framework • Implements the different ad hoc routing algorithms (proactive, reactive, or others) • Interacts with the Linux Kernel for implementing low level routing procedures. • Supports necessary extensions to perform service discovery or routing optimisations. • Consists of one Common module and several Routing modules Kernel Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Interface Handler Slide 2 Architecture Completed Initiated not completed (work in progress) Terminal Applications Dropped VoIP (SIP) Real Time QoS (RTCP) AdHoc_Framework Routing Module Service Module ZRP MobileMAN Routing Module AODV Routing Module Spearhead(IRP) Routing Module Service Module OLSR Common Cache Routing&Service Data Ad Hoc Framework API Generic Ad Hoc Module Access kernel routes Retrieve MAC info Common Module Common Module API MAC watchdog Kernel Ad Hoc API Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 3 ZRP • The ZRP is being developed on top of AODV and OLSR. • Initial testing but no results available yet. • The Ad Hoc framework allows updating each protocol without affecting the overall functioning. • New version of AODV (v0.8) has been updated into the framework (better performance). ZRP IARP Logic IERP Logic Protocol Specific Adapter Protocol Specific Adapter Common Cache &Registry Service CCRS Proxy OLSR BRP Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 AODV Slide 4 Service Discovery • Reactive service discovery mechanism implemented but not integrated yet. • Implemented the node classification for the nodes that will create the service discovery backbone. • Smart-dummy node architecture for service discovery infrastructure implemented but not full functional yet. • Missing functionality: – Establish link state using OLSR – Define service information as part of OLSR link state data – Manage AODV service queries. Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 5 Node classification • During this period we have implemented the node classification (i.e. smart, dummy nodes) for creating Ad Hoc backbone to support other constrained devices and extend the network lifetime. • Classification criteria is based on – Link stability, Mobility, Battery power and User preferences • This node classification should be flexible and dynamic in order to allow nodes to change roles (e.g. 'Smart' node becomes a 'Dummy' node) • The Attach – Detach procedure implemented with AODV. • The smart nodes will establish link state relationships using OLSR and will share routing and service information. Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 6 Applications • The main task during last period was to test voice sessions in the Ad Hoc framework. 1) Ready made stack: Vovida SIP client ported to iPaq • Works with iPaq 3950 (model) • Doesn’t work with iPaq 3850 (model) due to drivers problems • Ad hoc routing currently tested with only one-hop because lack of equipment. • The stack requires 5Mb plus excessive CPU resources. 2) Light-weight SIP stack under development • Binary around 1Mb versus 5Mb of ready made Vovida stack • Possibility to modify the media transport to improve performance in multi-hop Ad Hoc networks. Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 7 VoIP session testing • Test case 1: • Test-bed includes two nodes in a direct communication between them and a third node with Ethereal acting as sniffer to gather all the measurement data. • Metrics: Use of timing information and a sequence number in RTP header. – packet delay Legend – Packets loss – Sequence error Node 3 Symbol Total Description 10.0.0.1 2 iPAQ – Jitter Node 1 10.0.0.5 Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 3 Communication Link 1 Portable Personal Computer 3 Wireless Card Node 2 10.0.0.6 Slide 8 Test case 1 0,0203 0,02028 0,02026 0,02024 •Nodes separated 2m, 10m and 40m •Results: •Same mean delay (20ms.) •Jitter constant value between 29ms. and 34ms. •Packet loss less than 1% (0.822%). 0,02028231 0,020222211 Time (sec) 0,02022 0,020208559 0,0202 0,02018 0,02016 1 2 Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 3 Test Slide 9 Test case 2 • Including obstacles in the test environment. 7 meters 2 meters 2 meters Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 7 meters Slide 10 Test case 2 •Results compared to Test 1: • Similar mean delay (20.243ms). • Similar packet loss. • Similar jitter value between 12ms. and 34ms. Test 1 Test 2 Lost packets Lost packets Range [52..129] Range [77..174] Mean 92 Mean 103 Standard Deviation 20 Standard Deviation 35 Sequence errors Sequence errors Range [3..7] Range [21..44] Mean 5 Mean 29 Standard Deviation 1 Standard Deviation 8 Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 11 Test Case 3 • Test case 3 has been performed but data has not been compiled yet. Access Router 10.0.1.1 Node 1 10.0.0.5 ... Internet Node 2 10.0.1.6 Access Router 10.0.0.1 Access Router 10.0.2.1 Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Node 2 10.0.2.6 Slide 12 Conclusions • The results show that media stream flow smoothly independently of the distance and obstacles. • However, the user perception is bad due to lack of processing resources in the nodes, which delay the media processing. • To be verified: • The processing delay increases when node resources decrease. • The delay also increases in multi hop routes. • To be added: • Light stack for real time (RT) applications optimised for low resources nodes. • QoS module that signals increases in packet delay and triggers optimal route discovery. • Establish and discover routes with nodes that have enough resources for RT sessions. Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 13 Summary current status • AODV routing protocol (updated) • Service discovery Completed • OLSR routing protocol • • Initial testing, bug fixing • • Test results Own SIP stack MAC layer driver Halted Vovida SIP stack Simulations Designed, algorithm developed • • Under research Halted Node classification Virtual backbones ZRP routing protocol • Completed Reactive discovery implemented. Proactive service distribution (work under progress). Code authoring • Location assisted routing Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Halted Slide 14 Further work • Focus on: • Finalise existing routing modules (i.e. ZRP) • Complete the light-weight SIP stack under development with QoS optimisation. • Create an Ad Hoc network based on groups of smart nodes that will create an “ad hoc backbone” • Finalise the service discovery module (reactive service queries from dummy nodes and proactive service information exchange between smart nodes). • Implement and integrate the cross-layer Service Discovery mechanism. Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 15 Questions? Thank you for your attention! Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 16 Task force: Full time (4) Part time (5) Work completed (2) MobileMAN HUT (Raimo Kantola, Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar) Addressing & Resource Discovery Framework Services Jose Costa-Requena Nicklas Beijar (Virtual Backbones) Unnikrishnan Balakrishnapillai (Service Discovery) Haresh Kumar Chandani (Resource Discovery) Wei Xiao (MAC driver) Olmo L'eon Cadamia (Service Discovery) Ad hoc Routing Framework Mohammed Ayyash (Implementation) Javier Garcia Sanchez (Code Portability)-May 04 Juan Guitiérrez (OLSR)-Until Dec. 03 Lei Xiao- Until Feb. 03 Jarrod Creado (ZRP) Simulations Applications: SIP stack Bo Jiang Jose Costa-Requena, Nicklas Beijar, Raimo Kantola / MobileMAN meeting / Helsinki 7.6.2004 Slide 17