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Rocks and Minerals SC.4.E.6.1 Identify the three categories of rocks: igneous, (formed from molten rock); sedimentary (pieces of other rocks and fossilized organisms); and metamorphic (formed from heat and pressure). SC.4.E.6.2 Identify the physical properties of common earthforming minerals, including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color, and recognize the role of minerals in the formation of rocks. How are ROCKS formed? ADD ADD ADD Two or more minerals Once-living animals Organic plant matter ROCKS CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS TYPES OF ROCK Metamorphic Rock DEFINITION rock formed from extreme heat and pressure Igneous Rock rock formed from the cooling of magma or lava Sedimentary Rock rock formed from many layers of sediments that become pressed and cemented together METAMORPHIC ROCKS Formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are exposed to extreme heat and pressure. EXAMPLES . Quartzite Marble Slate IGNEOUS ROCKS Formed when molten rock is cooled. EXAMPLES . Granite Obsidian Basalt SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Formed when smaller pieces of rock and fossilized organisms are pressed and cemented together. EXAMPLES . Limestone Shale Coal THE ROCK CYCLE . COMMON MINERALS Quartz Talc Feldspar Pyrite Mica Graphite Calcite COMMON CHACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY MINERALS HARDNESS To determine hardness, one mineral is rubbed against another to see if it will result in being scratched. HARDNESS FACTS Quartz and feldspar can scratch both glass and steel and are considered hard minerals. Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth, while talc is the softest mineral. Talc is so soft that your fingernail can easily scratch it. HARDNESS SCALE OF MINERALS AND OTHER OBJECTS HARDNESS MINERAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Talc Graphite Calcite and Mica Fluorite Feldspar Pyrite Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond HARDNESS OTHER OBJECTS 2.5 3 5.5 7.5 Fingernail Copper Penny Glass Concrete Nail COMMON CHACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY MINERALS COLOR Many minerals exist in different colors and some minerals have identical colors to others. GRAPHITE ROSE QUARTZ Pink Steel Grey COMMON CHACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY MINERALS A mineral's luster describes the way light is reflected from its surface. LUSTER BRILLIANT ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING LUSTER PEARLY WAXY DULL METALLIC GLASSY EXAMPLE METALLIC Pyrite is the classic "Fool's Gold“ It is commonly mistaken for gold. COMMON CHACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY MINERALS Occurs when a mineral breaks along a smooth definite line. CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE PERFECT GOOD IMPERFECT POOR MICA CALCITE PERFECT CLEAVAGE GOOD CLEAVAGE COMMON CHACTERISTICS USED TO CLASSIFY MINERALS STREAK STREAK PLATE The powder color of a mineral left behind when the mineral is rubbed against a streak plate or a porcelain tile. COMMON CHACTERISTICS USED TO CLLASIFY MINERALS STREAK COLOR CHART MINERAL STREAK COLOR Quartz Feldspar Mica Calcite Talc Pyrite Graphite White White White White White Black Black to Steel Gray
