Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Grand Unified Theory wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Compact Muon Solenoid wikipedia , lookup
Standard Model wikipedia , lookup
Electron scattering wikipedia , lookup
Elementary particle wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear structure wikipedia , lookup
1. What are the three types of radiation? 2. Draw the nuclear symbol for bromine-80. Day 2 12-4 Atoms defy what we thought we knew! 1932 • James Chadwick neutrons discovered _________ charge –Have no _______ –Located in the atom’s nucleus _______ Atoms defy what we thought we knew! 1938 • Lise Meitner was the first to correctly describe a nuclear fission ________ reaction in which a large nucleus is split into two smaller nuclei of approximately equal size. 235U + 1n → 236 92 0 92 236 1 141 92 n 3( ) → Ba + Kr + 92 0 56 36 U U Today: Is matter continuous or discontinuous? • What are protons, neutrons, and electrons made of? quarks, bosons, muons, gluons, etc! • What about string theory? Is there a tiniest piece of energy that everything is made of? Today: Is matter continuous or discontinuous? Is there a tiniest piece of energy that everything is made of? • When you ask “What is the smallest piece?”, be certain to specify what you want! –Cmpd. = group of bonded atoms –Element = single atom –Atom = ?? Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions • Isotopes –Atoms of one element protons • Same number of _______ neutrons • Different numbers of ________ masses • Different ______ Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions • Ions –________ Charged atoms that have gained electrons or lost ________ –Examples • Iron loses 2 electrons +2 Fe • Chlorine gains 1 electron -1 Cl Atomic number = protons = electrons (neutral atom) Mass # = Atomic # + neutrons Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions Fundamental parts of atoms APPROXIMATE LOCATION CHARGE COMPONENT MASS (in amu) IN ATOM electron -1 0.00055 shells proton +1 1.0 nucleus neutron 0 1.00055 nucleus Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, + Ions atom of any element –Individual _____ nuclear –Represented with a _______ symbol A C • X = _______ element _______ symbol mass _______ number • A = ____ Z • Z = ______ atomic _______ number X Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions • X = _______ _______ element symbol mass number • A = ____ _______ • Z = ______ _______ atomic number protons number = ______ _______ • C = ______ ___ charge as__an__ion Z A - ___ • # neutrons = ___ Z - ___ C • # electrons = ___ A C X Z Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions Mass number? Atomic number? # of neutrons? Element? Charge? # of electrons? 19 1- X 9 Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions Mass number? Atomic number? # of neutrons? Element? Charge? # of electrons? 42 2+ X 20 Parts of Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions 1. Draw a nuclear symbol for an element with 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons a. What element is it? b. What is the atomic #? c. What is the mass #? d. What is the charge? Practice # 2 – due NOW Day 3 12-7 1. Thomson’s model of the atom was the electrons first to show _________. 2. One thing that Thomson’s model showed incorrectly or not at all? 3. Explain how beta radiation (which is high speed electrons) can be emitted from the nucleus (electrons are not in the nucleus?)? Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns. • Nuclear Reactions –What forces act in the atom? nuclear force holds • Strong ______ _______ protons _______ together nuclear force causes •Weak _____ _______ radioactivity ___________ –Natural radioactivity, radioactive decay, or nuclear disintegration is the spontaneous ___________ … Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns. • Nuclear Reactions –Natural radioactivity, radioactive decay, or nuclear disintegration is the spontaneous ___________ … ________ emission of ________ radiation from an element due to instability of the _______. nucleus Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns. • Nuclear Reactions –Problems in nuclear stability occur when there are too few or too many ________. neutrons –All elements with an atomic number greater than ___ 83 are radioactive. Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns. Particles of Radioactivity SYM TYPE CHARGE BOL alpha beta gam ma 4He +2 2 -1 0e -1 0 ALIAS PENING. ABILITY helium low: stopped nucleus by paper medium: electron stopped by clothes light energy high: stopped by thick lead and concrete Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns. Particles of Radioactivity TYPE SYM CHARG BOL E positron 0e +1 ALIAS +1 positive beta proton 1H +1 hydrogen nucleus neutron 1n 0 0 1 PENING. ABILITY shortlived Particles of Radioacty. + Nuc. Rxns. • Nuclear Reactions –The beta () particle has a ________ negative charge. How can it be released from the nucleus? A neutron splits into a proton and an elec.! 1n 0 → 1p+ 1 0 – + - 1e Practice # 2 – due NOW 1. Fill in the missing nuclear symbol and answer the following questions. 239 92 U 239 93 Np + 0 _____ -1 e Day 4 12-8 - what type of radiation is being produced in this reaction? - what type of charge does this radiation particle carry? - How does this type of radiation compare to the other two major types? 2. What alpha-emitting element is used to produce actinium-227? Get out your lab and determine what you need to finish. Postlabs are due Wednesday 12-4 (tomorrow). Test is Monday 12-9!!! Day 3 12-2 Station A = Exps. 2 and 3 Station B = Exps. 4 and 5 Station C = Exps. 6 and 7 Atom Isotope Mass number Beta Alpha Atomic number Ion Energy level Electron cloud Empty space Quark Gold Foil Experiment Positron Nuclear Force Proton Planetary model Cathode Ray Chadwick Neutron Nucleon J.J. Thomson Plum pudding model Marie Curie Law of Definite Proportions 1. Explain the parts of the model and specifically what each part represents. 2. Explain how or why the model was developed. 3. Explain what it represents well (its strengths as a model). 4. Explain some of its limitations (its weaknesses). 1. Explain the parts of the model and specifically what each part represents. 2. Explain how or why the model was developed. 3. Explain what it represents well (its strengths as a model). 4. Explain some of its limitations (its weaknesses). QUICK TALK Thomson Bohr Atom Dalton Proton Plum Pudding model Electron cloud Neutron Law of Definite Proportions Alchemists Mendeleev We have Atoms! - 1850’s Cathode Ray Tubes 11-19 1. Rutherford and Soddy showed that radioactivity produces new ________________. 2. What information can you obtain from a nuclear symbol? What is the last thing you have in your notes? 1. Explain the parts of the model and specifically what each part represents. 2. Explain how or why the model was developed. 3. Explain what it represents well (its strengths as a model). 4. Explain some of its limitations (its weaknesses). Protons Neutrons Bohr’s model Beta particles Gamma rays Electron cloud Nucleons Atom Plum Pudding model Dalton Quarks Gold Foil Experiment Mendeleev Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k uQ0Um4Wcz0