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Download Atoms 8.8a Describe the structure and parts of an atoms. Verb
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Atoms 8.8a Describe the structure and parts of an atoms. Verb: describe Noun: structure and parts Context: atom Describe- to give an account of in words. Atoms • All Matter is made of atoms Atoms • Atoms are the smallest particle of an Element – Example: Smallest piece of gold is a gold atom Atoms • All the atoms of an Element are almost exactly the same Atoms • Different Elements are made of different atoms – Ex: • Lithium • Helium What are the parts of an atom? • Subatomic particles What are the parts of an atom? • Subatomic particles – Protons – Neutrons – Electrons What are the parts of an atom? – Protons – Positive (+) charge – have mass = 1amu – In the nucleus What are the parts of an atom? – Neutrons – No charge (0) – have mass= 1amu – In the nucleus What are the parts of an atom? – Electrons – Negative (-) Charge has no mass we can measure • Electron(-) in electron • cloud What are the parts of an atom? • Valence Electrons – Electrons found in the outer most regions of the atoms electron cloud – Involved in Bonding Location of Subatomic Particles? Location of Subatomic Particles Electron Cloud • Nucleus – Proton(+) in nucleus – Neutron(O) in nucleus – Overall charge is (+) Nucleus Location of Subatomic Particles • Electron(-) in electron cloud It surround the nucleus It has a (-) charge Location of Subatomic Particles • Our model is not accurate (correct) – The electron cloud has many different shapes - The space between the nucleus and electron cloud is much greater Atoms and the Periodic Table • SE: Interpret information on the periodic table to understand that physical properties are used to group element. – Verb: Interpret – Noun : information on the periodic table Atoms and the Periodic Table Atomic Number on the Periodic Table • Atomic Number • Symbol • Mass number 12 Mg 24.305 Atomic Number • Atomic number = Protons(+) • If this number changes – New Element! Electrons(-) Protons = Electrons (in a neutral atom) Atomic Number 12 Symbol Mg Mass number 24.305 Neutrons (0) • Neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number • Must look at both number Atomic Number 13 Symbol Al Mass number 26.982 Atom Bonding • Atoms want their outer energy level to be full – Energy Level 1 =2 electrons – Energy Level 2 = 8 electrons – Energy Level 3 = 8 electrons How do they accomplish this? Atom Bonding • To fill their outer energy level they : – Share – Give up all the electrons in the outer energy level – Steal electrons to complete their outer energy level Atom Bonding • If they give up (lose) electrons they are no longer neutral atoms. They are Positive Ions Example: Ex: Lithium Loses it’s valence electron and becomes a + 1 ion 3P+ 4N +3 -2 = +1 Atom Bonding • If they steal electron they are no longer neutral atom. • They become a negative ion Atom Bonding • Fluorine only needs one more electron to fill it’s outer energy level so it steals one and becomes negative ion +9 + -10 -1 ion Atom Bonding • When atoms become + or – ions, they are then attracted to oppositely charged ions and create molecule or compounds
