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Topic 2 Orbital Diagram • Use the three following principles or rules – Aufbau Principle – Pauli Exclusion Principle – Hund’s Rule Aufbau Principle • States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available. • All orbitals of a related energy sublevel have the same energy. For ex. All 2p orbitals are of equal energy. • In a multi electron atom, the energy sublevels within a principal energy level have different energies. • Orbitals related to energy sublevels within one principal energy level can overlap orbitals related to energy sublevels within another principal level. Pauli Exclusion Principle • States that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but the electrons have opposite spins. Hund’s rule • States that a single electron with the same spin must occupy each equal energy orbital before an additional electron with opposite spin can occupy the same orbital.