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Introduction to Atoms & Bonding Atoms • The smallest particle unique to given element; it has one or more subatomic particles • Subatomic Particles Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge Positive neutral negative Mass 1 1 0 Location nucleus nucleus orbiting Subatomic Particles • Protons = the Atomic Number • Neutrons = the Atomic Mass (rounded) minus the Atomic Number • Electrons = the same as the number of Protons (unless otherwise told) Bohr Diagrams • Represent the Nucleus Write the number of protons and neutrons • Represent the Electron Orbits First Orbit = holds up to 2 electrons Second Orbit = holds up to 8 electrons Third Orbit = holds up to 8 electrons Fourth Orbit = at least 8 electrons Lewis Dot Diagrams • Write the Atomic Symbol • Represent only the Outer Electrons with Dots around the Atomic Symbol Bonding • Atoms bond in order to become stable 1) Electrically equal number of protons and electrons 2) Structurally full outer orbit of electrons Ionic Bonding • Type of chemical bond in which atoms transfer electrons (one gains and one loses). During the transfer each atom become an ion (a charged atom). Covalent Bonding • Type of chemical bond in which atoms share electrons.