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What is a Civilization? A look at the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia 6 Elements of a Civilization • • • • • • Cities Government Religion Art Class Division Writing Farming Revolution • Farming Revolution started about 10,000 years ago • Domestication-tame plants and animals for human use • Villages grew as nomadic life changed for farming • Specialization-development of different types of job, not everyone needed for food collection Mesopotamia-Cradle of Civilization • “Land between 2 rivers” – Tigris and Euphrates Rivers – Floods once a year leaving behind rich soil good for farming – Travel, trade, – Irrigation The Fertile Crescent Rise of the First Civilization • Between 4000-3000 BC in Mesopotamia (Iraq today) • Complex societies arose which had cities, government, art, religion, class division, and writing Cities of Mesopotamia • Sumer – City-state with own independent government and defenses (like a country) – 3500-2800 BC Government • Organized to provide for basic needs of people – Food, buildings, laws, army • Hammurabi – Ruler of Babylon in Mesopotamia – Created a code of laws which was a first step toward a fair system of justice Religion • Polytheistic-many gods – Had powers over natural forces and human activities • Ziggurat – Temple – “mountain of god” Art • Developed after basic needs are met Class Division • Your place in society based on your job or power. king priest, govt. officials artisans, merchants, farmers, fishers slaves Writing • keep track of records, ideas -Sumer=cuneiform -oldest story, Epic of Gilgamesh Do we live in a civilization today? How do you know that?