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Users of reanalyses data for environmental assessments - EEA perspective Markus Erhard European Environment Agency (EEA) Copenhagen, Denmark 1 The EEA Mandate “The EEA aims to support sustainable development and to help achieve significant and measurable improvement in Europe's environment through the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy making agents and the public.” 2 EEA Geographical Coverage 3 32 Member Countries ~300 National agencies ~900 Experts EEA main tasks • Networking - Development of a European Environmental Information and Observation Network (EIONET) www.eionet.europa.eu • Reporting on the state and trends of Europe’s environment www.eionet.europa.eu/reportnet.html • Providing access to environmental information http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/ 4 EEA functions • EEA as user of environmental data input for assessments and reporting • EEA/EIONET as provider of environmental data reporting obligations (e.g. emissions, air quality, biodiversity) and volunteering actions (e.g. land-cover, ozone-web) • EEA as facilitator e.g. (discuss user requirements with ACRE) 5 Ecosystem Services (examples) Sectors Services Indicators Agriculture Food & fibre production Bioenergy production •Agricultural land area (Farmer livelihood) •Suitability of crops •Biomass energy yield Forestry Wood production •Tree productivity: growing stock & increment Carbon storage Climate protection •Carbon storage in vegetation •Carbon storage in soil Water supply (drinking, irrigation, hydropower) Drought & flood prevention Beauty Life support processes (e.g. pollination) human health Tourism (e.g. winter sports) Recreation ‘Water tower’ •Runoff quantity •Runoff seasonality •Water quality Water Biodiversity Mountains 6 •Species richness and turnover (plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian) •Shifts in suitable habitats •Phenology •Snow (elevation of snow line) •Glacier mass balance Courtesy Metzger & Schröter Example WISE Water Information System for Europe EEA information services Internet EIONET National Data centres Sub-national Data centres (Inspire) User GMES Emissions data 7 Data from other Directives Basic Reference data Internat. Conventions SEIS concept From individual data bases towards Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) SEIS is a collaborative initiative of European and National bodies to establish an integrated and sustained information system for sharing environmental data. 8 A system where the public authorities are the providers but also the main end-users and beneficiaries A contribution to the Commission’s commitment to better regulation and simplification (Go4, 2007) Water Nature and Biodiversity Land use Climate Change Air data centres EEA Priorities and Tools Services and analytical tools Spatial data infrastructure Reportnet data flow tools EIONET system connections SEIS elements 9 The shifting baseline – temp (time) European Annual Temperature 1910-2000 temperature (°C) (10 year running means) 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 1910 1925 1940 1955 1970 1985 2000 year Source CRU 2002 10 The shifting baseline precipitation (time & space) Annual Precipitation 1910-2000 precipitation sum (mm) (10 year running means) 900 boreal 800 temperate 700 mediterranean 600 500 1910 mean 1940 1970 2000 year Source CRU 2002 11 Availability of Climate and Weather Data 12 Type of data Temporal resolution Spatial resolution Trend analysis Extreme events Station data daily irregular local trends over time local trends; temporal resolution often too low Interpolated climate monthly relatively high average smoothed trends not feasible Weather data 3 - 6 hours very low not feasible for environmental assessments feasible for large areas, but no local events climate data days environmental impact Gap in meteorological data extreme events 0km 13 station data assessments hours Temporal resolution months The ‘Meteo Data Gap‘ for Environmental Assessments 50km 100km Spatial resolution reanalyses data 150km Scaling up and down 14 Scaling issues (I) System inherent temporal and spatial dimension of assessments (‘eigentime‘ of systems) Assessments in higher resolution than output Use of variables derived from ‘standard‘ weather data • • 15 Long term meteorological data (several decades): - station data irregular - climate data > 25km x 25km - weather data > 50km x 50km Average size of watersheds/catchments (CCM2 scale 1:250.000) ~ 5 km2 (complex terrain) 40-50% EU27 Territory ~100 km2 (flat terrain) (ca. 2.5km x 2.5km to 10km x 10km) (European catchment database CCM2) Scaling issues (II) • 16 High resolution data (space and time) and extreme events - Flood risk: high resolution precipitation - Air quality: high resolution temperatures, precipitation, humidity, etc. - Human health: heat waves - Wind energy potential for Europe: high resolution wind data - Storm and storm surges (marine) Scaling issues (III) • • 17 Monthly climatologies - Water accounting 10km x 10km resolution (temperature precipitation and derived parameters e.g. evapotranspiration) - Species distribution and migration temperature and precipitation data - Downscaling climate change scenarios - Marine systems - Carbon accounting, forest growth Marine – land transition (coastal management) Data specification - Key Issues • • • • • • 18 Seamless (transboundary and land – marine) pan-European weather data available for environmental assessments and web based services (data services, reporting obligations, GMES, GEOSS) Long-term time series for detecting trends in climate and weather (including extreme events e.g. storms, heat waves) Appropriate spatial resolution for regional assessments of climate change impacts (IPCC -WGI) and adaptation strategies Precipitation - from trends to quantities Access to data in an European Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS) Towards Near Real Time from environmental hind-casting (x-2y) towards now-casting (and forecasting) ... it‘s not only the met data but with insufficent met data it‘s even worse... Precipitation Simulated flow Measured flow 19 EEA activities 20 • Networking EEA contributes to GEOSS and coordinates GMES in-situ component (user requirements and data policies) • Access EEA facilitates data access (institutional barriers, data policies) • Architecture EEA fosters SEIS and contributes to OGC and INSPIRE (architecture) • Projects EEA facilitates EURRA (high resolution re-analysis for Europe) National expert for project outline (ECMWF-EUMETNET) Thanks for your attention! [email protected] http://www.eea.europa.eu 21