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Users of reanalyses
data for environmental
assessments - EEA
perspective
Markus Erhard
European Environment Agency (EEA)
Copenhagen, Denmark
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The EEA Mandate
“The EEA aims to support sustainable
development and to help achieve
significant and measurable improvement in
Europe's environment through the
provision of timely, targeted, relevant
and reliable information to policy making
agents and the public.”
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EEA Geographical Coverage
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32 Member Countries
~300 National agencies
~900 Experts
EEA main tasks
• Networking - Development of a
European Environmental Information
and Observation Network (EIONET)
www.eionet.europa.eu
• Reporting on the state and trends of
Europe’s environment
www.eionet.europa.eu/reportnet.html
• Providing access to environmental
information
http://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/
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EEA functions
• EEA as user of environmental data
 input for assessments and reporting
• EEA/EIONET as provider of environmental
data
 reporting obligations (e.g. emissions, air
quality, biodiversity) and volunteering
actions (e.g. land-cover, ozone-web)
• EEA as facilitator
 e.g. (discuss user requirements with ACRE)
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Ecosystem Services (examples)
Sectors
Services
Indicators
Agriculture
Food & fibre production
Bioenergy production
•Agricultural land area (Farmer
livelihood)
•Suitability of crops
•Biomass energy yield
Forestry
Wood production
•Tree productivity: growing stock &
increment
Carbon
storage
Climate protection
•Carbon storage in vegetation
•Carbon storage in soil
Water supply (drinking,
irrigation, hydropower)
Drought & flood prevention
Beauty
Life support processes
(e.g. pollination)
human health
Tourism (e.g. winter
sports) Recreation
‘Water tower’
•Runoff quantity
•Runoff seasonality
•Water quality
Water
Biodiversity
Mountains
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•Species richness and turnover (plants,
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibian)
•Shifts in suitable habitats
•Phenology
•Snow (elevation of snow line)
•Glacier mass balance
Courtesy Metzger & Schröter
Example WISE
Water Information System for Europe
EEA
information
services
Internet
EIONET
National
Data
centres
Sub-national
Data
centres
(Inspire)
User
GMES
Emissions
data
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Data from
other
Directives
Basic
Reference
data
Internat.
Conventions
SEIS concept
From individual data bases towards
Shared Environmental Information System (SEIS)
SEIS is a collaborative
initiative of European and
National bodies to
establish an integrated and
sustained information
system for sharing
environmental data.
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
A system where the public authorities are the providers but also
the main end-users and beneficiaries

A contribution to the Commission’s commitment to better
regulation and simplification
(Go4, 2007)
Water
Nature and
Biodiversity
Land use
Climate
Change
Air
data centres
EEA Priorities and Tools
Services and analytical tools
Spatial data infrastructure
Reportnet data flow tools
EIONET system connections
SEIS elements
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The shifting baseline – temp (time)
European Annual Temperature 1910-2000
temperature (°C)
(10 year running means)
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
1910
1925
1940
1955
1970
1985
2000
year
Source CRU 2002
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The shifting baseline
precipitation (time & space)
Annual Precipitation 1910-2000
precipitation sum (mm)
(10 year running means)
900
boreal
800
temperate
700
mediterranean
600
500
1910
mean
1940
1970
2000
year
Source CRU 2002
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Availability of Climate and
Weather Data
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Type of
data
Temporal
resolution
Spatial
resolution
Trend
analysis
Extreme
events
Station data
daily
irregular
local trends
over time
local trends;
temporal
resolution
often too low
Interpolated
climate
monthly
relatively high
average
smoothed
trends
not feasible
Weather
data
3 - 6 hours
very low
not feasible
for environmental
assessments
feasible for
large areas,
but no local
events
climate data
days
environmental
impact
Gap in
meteorological
data
extreme events
0km
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station data
assessments
hours
Temporal resolution
months
The ‘Meteo Data Gap‘ for Environmental
Assessments
50km
100km
Spatial resolution
reanalyses
data
150km
Scaling up and down
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Scaling issues (I)
System inherent temporal and spatial dimension of
assessments (‘eigentime‘ of systems)
 Assessments in higher resolution than output
 Use of variables derived from ‘standard‘ weather data
•
•
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Long term meteorological data (several decades):
- station data irregular
- climate data > 25km x 25km
- weather data > 50km x 50km
Average size of watersheds/catchments (CCM2 scale
1:250.000)
~ 5 km2 (complex terrain) 40-50% EU27 Territory
~100 km2 (flat terrain)
(ca. 2.5km x 2.5km to 10km x 10km) (European
catchment database CCM2)
Scaling issues (II)
•
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High resolution data (space and time) and extreme
events
- Flood risk: high resolution precipitation
- Air quality: high resolution temperatures,
precipitation, humidity, etc.
- Human health: heat waves
- Wind energy potential for Europe: high resolution
wind data
- Storm and storm surges (marine)
Scaling issues (III)
•
•
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Monthly climatologies
- Water accounting 10km x 10km resolution
(temperature precipitation and derived parameters
e.g. evapotranspiration)
- Species distribution and migration temperature and
precipitation data
- Downscaling climate change scenarios
- Marine systems
- Carbon accounting, forest growth
Marine – land transition (coastal management)
Data specification - Key Issues
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Seamless (transboundary and land – marine)
pan-European weather data available for
environmental assessments and web based
services (data services, reporting obligations,
GMES, GEOSS)
Long-term time series for detecting trends in
climate and weather (including extreme
events e.g. storms, heat waves)
Appropriate spatial resolution for regional
assessments of climate change impacts
(IPCC -WGI) and adaptation strategies
Precipitation - from trends to quantities
Access to data in an European Shared
Environmental Information System (SEIS)
Towards Near Real Time from environmental
hind-casting (x-2y) towards now-casting
(and forecasting)
... it‘s not only the met data but with
insufficent met data it‘s even worse...
Precipitation
Simulated flow
Measured flow
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EEA activities
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• Networking  EEA contributes to
GEOSS and coordinates GMES in-situ
component (user requirements and
data policies)
• Access  EEA facilitates data access
(institutional barriers, data policies)
• Architecture  EEA fosters SEIS and
contributes to OGC and INSPIRE
(architecture)
• Projects  EEA facilitates EURRA (high
resolution re-analysis for Europe)
 National expert for project outline
(ECMWF-EUMETNET)
Thanks for your attention!
[email protected]
http://www.eea.europa.eu
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