* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Slide 1 - JMSC Courses
Survey
Document related concepts
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Reforestation wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in Canada wikipedia , lookup
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment wikipedia , lookup
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Regional Issues • Southeast Asia among most vulnerable to climate change. • Region is a “victim” of developed world in many ways—breathes dirty air. • Individual, local, national economic activity as important as multinational businesses. • Forests, coasts, rivers, farmland at risk. • Question: How to develop economically, environmentally? Laos: Current Issues • Deforestation: forest cover down from 70% to about 40% (U.N.). • Soil erosion: worst in highlands. • Lack of clean water: progress being made. • Sanitation, liquid and solid waste. • Overfarming—not letting land rest, fertilizing to much. • Government working with U.N., others. Laos: Looming Issues • Hydropower: Who builds, who pays, who is displaced, who covers secondary costs? • Mining: Copper, tin, gold, gypsum: Waste pollutants to land, air, water. Who profits? Who pays secondary costs? • Manufacturing, garment-making, cement: Polluting byproducts to land, water, air. • Industrial production growing by more than 10% a year recently. Vietnam: Current Issues • Deforestation and soil erosion, but some progress here. • Water pollution & overfishing. • Groundwater pollution/drinking water. • Urban, industrial pollution. • Solid, liquid waste treatment, disposal. • Road-building, other construction. • Increasing air pollution in urban areas. Vietnam: Looming Issues • Extraction pollution: coal, phosphates, manganese, oil and gas, timber. Will businesses be responsible? • Manufacturing pollution: food, clothes and shoes, glass, cement, fertilizer, paper—all generate pollution of air, soil, water. How will costs be covered? • Air pollution from more vehicles. • Loss of coastal habitat as oceans rise. • Government increasingly active. Cambodia: Current Issues • Illegal logging, deforestation. • Strip mining for precious stones. • Fishery destruction in west. • Overfishing. • Soil erosion, overcultivation. • Lack of safe water. • Sanitation, liquid and solid waste. • River pollution, silting. Cambodia: Looming Issues • Mining of iron, manganese, bauxite, phosphates, oil and gas production, rubber—pollution, cleanup costs. • Manufacturing—clothing, shoes— beginning to generate industrial pollution. • Vehicles beginning to affect air in some places. Common Questions • Labor force growing quickly in all three countries. Jobs needed. • All three need exports to build economies. • All three need to preserve forests, other natural areas to protect tourist revenue. • How can governments encourage business growth, sustain environment? • Much depends on developed world as market, provider of technology, expertise. Climate Change • Deforestation, changing land use accounts for 75% of region’s greenhouse gas emissions! • Power generation GHG emissions are increasing—can early switch be made to alternative energy? • Region has opportunity to be world leader in adapting to climate change. • Will require regional cooperation. Climate Change Has Arrived • Coastlines vulnerable to rising oceans, more frequent storms, oil and gas spills. • Rivers vulnerable to damming, industrial pollution, urban pollution. • Loss of forests means loss of jobs, income, tourism, greenhouse gas absorbers. • Heat waves, droughts, floods, storms will hurt agricultural production. • GDP will fall unless action is taken. Business & Climate • Region needs technology to deal with problems. • Business needs to make a profit. • How to put the two together? • International aid, domestic incentives can begin to make it work. • Poverty reduction must be in the mix. • Education must be in the mix. • Sovereignty has to be preserved for plans to be practical. Regional Issues Recap: Water Scale up water conservation and management; and widen use of integrated water management, including flood control and prevention schemes, flood early warning system, irrigation improvement, and demand-side management. Regional Issues: Agriculture Strengthen local adaptive capacity through better climate information, research and development on heatresistant crop varieties, early warning systems, and efficient irrigation systems; and explore innovative risk-sharing instruments such as index-based insurance schemes. Regional Issues: Forestry Enhance early warning systems and awareness-raising programs to prepare for more frequent forest fires; and implement aggressive public-private partnerships for reforestation and afforestation. Regional Issues: Health Expand or establish early warning systems for disease outbreaks, health surveillance, awareness-raising campaigns, and infectious disease control programs. Regional Issues: Infrastructure Introduce “climate proofing” in transportrelated investments and infrastructure, starting with public buildings. Regional Issues: Marine Implement integrated coastal zone management plans, including mangrove conservation and planting. Source for recap: The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review April 2009