Download Slide 1

GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPLICATION
TOWARD URBAN SPACE IN INDONESIA
Amiluhur Soeroso
Researcher at PUSTRAL Gadjah Mada University
[email protected]
Workshop Mapping Causal Complexity in Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
Melbourne, Australia
1
Structure of Presentation
• Introduction
• Current condition of
Indonesia
• Adaptation Plan
Related to Urban
Infrastructure
• Infrastructure
Adaptation Strategy
• Closing Remarks
2
Introduction
• Indonesian
geographical position 
one of the most
vulnerable nations
towards climate change
impact
– cities more vulnerable to
flood
– rural areas will have
fresh water shortages.
– The warming mountain
areas widen the habitat
for disease vectors.
– high sea level and tidal
wave cause abrasion and
threaten coastal
settlements.
3
Current Condition in Indonesia (1)
• Spatial planning is aimed at sustainable development for
environmental prosperity
• 70 percent of infrastructures development in Indonesia is
centered in Java, Sumatera and Bali Islands
• Infrastructures dispersion is not well-arranged, that it caused
spatial structuring failure
• The contribution of urban activities to Green House Effect
(GHE) is about 60 percent
• Related to the context of climate change, this factor worsens
the problems of fresh water provided for urban areas
4
Current Condition in Indonesia (2)
• Illegal logging in highland and thus have increased
erosion, properties and settlements built in river
banks areas causes stream area in critical
condition
• 35 thousand hectares of primary and secondary
forestland has conversed to plantation and
settlements every year
• Mangrove forest in Indonesia only remains 50
percent or 3.5 million hectares.
• The increase of flood intensity caused by global
warming is predicted to be nine times greater in the
next decades
5
Current Condition in Indonesia (3)
• Increasing sea level and flood will threat many
areas :
– Airports – Polonia (Medan), Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta),
Juanda (Surabaya), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar), Hassanudin
(Makassar) and Ahmad Yani (Semarang).
– Harbours – Belawan (Medan), Tanjung Priok (Jakarta),
Tanjung Mas (Semarang), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya),
Pontianak and Makassar.
– Road along of eastern Sumatera, northern Java (JakartaSurabaya) and central Sulawesi (Pare-pare-Bulukumba
via Makassar).
– Irrigation network at food area centre of northern Java,
eastern Sumatera and southern Sulawesi.
6
Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure
• Holistic (ecological) planning is required in adaptation plan
(Keraf, 2002)
– facts cannot be separated from values
– the use of synergy systemic relation
– in making policy, comprehensive consideration to the aspects of
value, culture, economic benefit, etc. is taken into account
• The characteristics of holistic paradigm are (Howitt, 2001).
–
–
–
–
–
the balance proportion between the central and local authorities
multidimensional views
Cooperation
attention to varieties and integration
comprehensive development.
7
Conceptual Framework For Urban
Infrastructure Adaptation
8
Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (1)
9
Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (2)
10
Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (3)
11
Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy (4)
12
Closing Remarks (1)
• In changing the context of the future spatial
planning in Indonesia, the growth measurement
should be shifted to holistic development
• Sustainable economic development can be
achieved when the balance in ecological functions
is maintained
• Involve local community
• Appropriate spatial planning needs to be conducted
by referring to Bali agenda road map
13
Closing Remarks (2)
• The adaptation efforts to climate change require:
– international cooperation to support the actions
– risk management and risk reduction strategy
– diversification in the economic sector to build resilience.
• Challenges in the implementation of spatial
governance:
–
–
–
–
the needs of improvement in all related sectors
the technical and methodological aspects
the capacity and interests of the stakeholders
the most crucial one, funding.
14
THANK YOU
15