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Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Physiology Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Physiology Cardiovascular System •Heart (4 parts): Sinus venosus, Atrium, Ventricle, Conus arteriosus •Vessels: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries The HEART: Where is the blood going and is it oxygen rich or poor? Part 1: Sinus Venosus • Thin walls, fibrous tissue, little muscle • Contains Sinoatrial Node = “Pacemaker” • Receives Common Cardinal Veins, Hepatic Veins and Jugular • Passive collector – blood “sucked” in via aspiration as Sinus Venosus expands Part 2, Chamber 1: Atrium • Large chamber • Thin walls, but muscular • Separated from Sinus Venosus by Sinoatrial Valve • Valve opens via blood pressure • Relaxed Atrium fills • Atrium has the ability to contract • Dorsal position allows gravity to assist contraction in moving blood Part 3, Chamber 2: Ventricle • Thick walls with cardiac muscle • Separated from Atrium via Atrioventricular Valve • Valve opens when Atrium contracts • Ventricle fills & produces primary heart contraction • Contraction increases space in rigid Pericardial Cavity • Atrium & Sinus Venosus fill via aspiration Part 4: Conus arteriosus (Ventral aorta) • Small diameter tube • Thick walls with smooth muscle • Flow back into Ventricle prevented via series of Conal, Semilunar Valves • Serves as auxiliary pump • Contracts as Ventricle relaxes • Assures steady pressure as blood enters Ventral Aorta & gills The VESSELS: Compare and Contrast • Thick walled • Capable of contractions • Oxygen level high, CO2 level low. • High pressure • Take blood away from heart. The VESSELS: Compare and Contrast • Thinner walled • Incapable of contractions • Oxygen level low, CO2 level high. • Low pressure, valves needed. • Take blood to heart. The VESSELS: Compare and Contrast • VERY thin walled • Incapable of contractions • Oxygen and CO2 level similar. • low pressure • Blood direction both ways. The VESSELS: Where is the blood going and is it oxygen rich or poor?