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Chapter 14 Bones, muscle, and skin Sections 1& 2 Mrs. Bailey 7th grade Objectives • • • • Levels of organization of human body Tissue types Body systems overview Skeletal system overview – – – – 4 categories of bone 5 functions Moveable and immoveable joints Bone structure • Compact vs. spongy bone • Marrow red and yellow Section 1-Body organization • The levels of organization in the body consist of cells, tissue, organs, & organ systems • Cell-basic building unit of life • Tissue-a group of similar cells • Organs- a group of different tissue • Organ system- a group of organs working together. Tissue types • 4 types of tissue • Muscular tissue- makes up the muscles to allow movement • Nervous tissue- makes up nerves that send messages • Epithelial tissue- make up the skin that covers and protects • Connective tissue- make up the bones. Connects and supports parts of the body. Section 2-Organ systems • The human body is made of 11 different systems: • Skeletal Respiratory Immune • Muscular Excretory • Circulatory Endocrine • Nervous Reproductive • Digestive Cardiovascular Skeletal system • Consists of all the bones in your body. • Infants have 350 bones that fuse together as the baby grows. • Adults have 206 bones. • Smallest bone-stirrup (found in inner ear) • Largest bone-femur (found in thigh) • Bones consist of living material that grows and repairs itself How are bones classified • • • • 4 categories of bone 1. long bones ( legs and arms) 2. short bones (wrists and ankles) 3. flat bones (ribs, sternum, skull, shoulder) • 4. irregular bones (vertebrae and all other bones) Skeletal system • 5 Functions of skeletal system: • 1. Shapes and supports the body • 2. Helps with movement along with muscle system • 3. Protects internal organs (heart, brain) • 4. Produces blood cells using marrow • 5. stores minerals such as calcium. How do bones move? • Joints , places in the body where two bones meet, allow for bending, twisting, swinging, rotating and sliding. • www.PHSchool.com web code cep-4012 Moveable vs Immoveable Joints • Immoveable Joints- places where bones are connected but they cannot move • Ex. Skull • Movable Joints- allow movement between bones – Ligaments-connect bone to bone – Cartilage- strong, flexible, connective tissue found in nose, ears and between joints. Types of moveable joints • 4 types of moveable joints • 1.Hinge joint- allows forward and backward motion (knee, elbow) • 2. Ball and socket -allows greatest range of circular motion (hip & shoulder) • 3. Pivot joint -allows for rotation (side to side) neck • 4.Gliding joint -allows bending (wrists & ankles) Bone structure • Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development • Bones are covered by a thin membrane. • Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through the membrane. • Composed of compact and spongy bone. Bone structure • Compact bone – hard and dense but not solid. • Spongy bone- Located at the ends of bones. Contains many small spaces • Marrow- connective tissue found inside the bone. – Red marrow- produces red blood cells (children) – Yellow marrow- produces and stores fats (teens) Femur-longest single bone in human body that makes up 25% of a persons height. Review questions • 1. What are two types of bone marrow? • 2. How are moveable joints held together? • 3. What are the functions of the skeletal system? • 4. What is the level of organization of the human body? • 5. What is the difference between tissue and organs?