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Exercise Science Muscle Mechanics & Sliding Filament Theory Functions of Muscles – Learning Targets Be able to describe how the muscle contracts in an overview. Learn the properties of muscles and how they work. Understand that the brain has a direct link to the muscles through the “motor unit” ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the Functions of Muscles – Major Questions 1. Describe what is happening to the sarcomere during concentric and isometric contractions. 2. List the 12 steps of contraction with as much detail as possible. 3. What chemicals are involved in muscle contraction? 4. What would happen if one of these chemicals (calcium, ATP) wasn’t present during an athletic event? Homework: a) figure out the chemical composition of ATP and how it breaks down. b) When it breaks down, what happens in the muscle? ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the Major Functions of Muscles Movement Includes: breathing, eating, and the beating of our hearts Support Heat production There are over 600 muscles in the human body. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Three Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscles: Voluntary, striated, and attach to bones by tendons and other tissue Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscles: Involuntary, striated, and found in one place – the heart Smooth muscles: Involuntary, non-striated, and Cardiac muscle surround the body’s internal organs Smooth muscle ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Properties of Muscle Fibre Irritability Refers to muscle responding to stimuli Contractibility Refers to muscle shortening in length Elasticity Refers to muscle stretching and returning to normal position Extensibility Refers to muscle extending in length Conductivity Refers to muscle transmitting nerve impulses ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Neuromuscular Junction Axon Neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) Axon Terminal Sarcolemma Synaptic Cleft Receptor ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Motor Unit Dendrites Neuron cell body Axon hillock Motor neuron Direction of action potential Myelin sheath Neurolemma Neuromuscular junction Terminal branches Motor end plate Muscle fibres ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle Muscle fibre looking outward: Perimysium Muscle fibre Binds muscle fibres together Epimysium Perimysium Sheath enveloping entire muscle Muscle fibre looking inward: Endomysium Epimysium Sheath of connective tissue surrounding muscle fibre Sarcolemma Contains cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) Myofibrils Contain actin and myosin Sarcomeres Contains myosin and actin Endomysium Muscle belly Tendon ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Muscle Fibre Muscle belly Epimysium Perimysium Sarcomere Z line Z line Tendon Muscle Fibre Thick filament Sarcomere Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic reticulum Myofibril ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Thin filament The Sliding Filament Theory Myosin crossbridges (small “bridges” on the thick filaments that extend to the thin filaments): Attach, rotate, detach, and reattach in rapid succession Results in the sliding or overlap of the actin and myosin filaments Causes sarcomere to contract (muscle contraction) Known as the sliding filament theory ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Sliding Filament Theory Myosin crossbridges (small “bridges” on the thick filaments that extend to the thin filaments) ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Sliding Filament Theory Myosin crossbridges Attach, rotate, detach, and re-attach in rapid succession ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Sliding Filament Theory Myosin crossbridges Results in the sliding or overlap of the actin and myosin filaments Causes sarcomere to contract (muscle contraction) ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Role of Adenosine Triphosphate The sliding filament theory at the molecular level: Nerve impulse transmitted through the muscle fibre and releases calcium ions Calcium (in presence of troponin and tropomyosin) facilitates the interaction of myosin and actin molecules Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy source behind the release of calcium ATP detaches myosin from the actin molecule ATP must be replaced through food metabolism for process to continue ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Role of Calcium Sarcolemma Longitudinal tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum Outer vessicle of sarcoplasmic reticulum (Terminal cisternae) Transverse tubule (T-tubule) Triad H zone Z line Terminal cisternae Transverse tubule Terminal cisternae A band I band Myofibrils ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Resources – lesson on SFT and video http://education.uoit.ca/lordec/ID_LORDEC/muscle/ This resource will show you each step of the contraction and explain how the sarcomere works Sliding Filament Theory Video: Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdHzKYDxrKc Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vlchs4omFDM&feature=related Other sliding Filament Theory Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kFmbrRJq4w ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.
