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Chapter 11 Muscles of the Body ehow.com Objectives • Know the five main shapes of muscle • Understand how muscles fit into functional groups and what those functional groups are • Know how muscles are named Muscle Shapes • Determined by the orientation of the fascicles • Five main shapes – Fusiform – Parallel – Triangular • convergent – Pennate • Unipennate • Bipennate • Multipennate – Circular classes.midlandstech.com Functional Groups of Muscles • Action – the effect produced by a muscle – To move or not to move • Four categories (based on action) – Prime mover (agonist) • Produces most of the force during a joint action – Synergist • Aids the prime mover by having similar effect on joint or stabilizing and focusing action of prime mover – Antagonist • Opposes the prime mover – Fixator • Muscle that prevents a bone from moving Naming Muscles • Named according to various descriptive criteria – Location of muscle – indicate the bone or body region muscle associated with • Temporalis, intercostals – Shape of the muscle • Trapezius, deltoid Naming Muscles – Relative size of muscle • Maximus, minimus, longus (long), brevis (short) – Direction of muscle fibers • Named in relation to a line running the length of the body • Rectus, transverse, oblique – Number of origins (heads) • Bi, tri, and quad Naming Muscles – Location of attachments – named according to their points of origin and insertion • Sternocleidomastoid • Origin is always first – Action – named according to the effect of the muscle • Flexor, extensor, adductor
