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9-1 Notes The Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 9, Lesson 1
The Skeletal System
• The skeletal system provides
support, protection, and movement
The Skeletal System
• Bones are hard tissue made mostly
of cells, collagen, and calcium.
The Skeletal System
• About 206 bones total
Functions of the Skeletal System
• Bones protect the soft
tissue of the brain,
spinal cord, and
organs.
Functions of the Skeletal System
• Bones provide attachment
points for muscles.
Functions of the Skeletal System
• They store calcium and
phosphorous for later use.
Functions of the Skeletal System
• Blood cells are formed in the bone
marrow in the middle of some
bones.
Joints
• Our bodies are
flexible because
bones connect at
joints with tissue
called a ligament.
Joints
• Cartilage is a strong
yet flexible & elastic
tissue that reduces
friction & increases
flexibility.
Joints
• As an infant, much of your skeleton
was cartilage.
Joints
Hinge Joint – allows bones to
move back and forth
Examples – fingers, elbows,
knees
Joints
Saddle Joint – allows bones to
move back and forth, and side to
side, but have limited rotational
ability
Example – thumbs
Joints
Ball-and-Socket Joint – allows
bones to move and rotate in
nearly all directions
Examples – hips and shoulders
Joints
Pivot Joint – allows bones to
rotate
Example – neck
Joints
Gliding Joint – allows bones to
move side to side, or front to
back
Examples – ankles and wrists
Joints
Immovable Joint – allows very
little or no movement
Example – skull
Take Care of Your Bones
• A balanced diet and exercise is
necessary.
• Eat foods rich in calcium.
Take Care of Your Bones
• As you age, bones lose minerals which
can lead to osteoporosis (bones
become weak and break easily).
The Muscular System
• Muscle is tissue made of long cells
called “muscle fibers” that contract.
The Muscular System
• Small tubes in the cells contain muscle
filaments.
The Muscular System
• Muscle filaments move closer
to each other during muscle
contraction, and move away
during muscle relaxation.
The Muscular System
Types of Muscles
• Muscles are voluntary or involuntary.
• You can consciously control voluntary
muscles (arm, leg).
Types of Muscles
• You don’t consciously control
involuntary muscles (digestion,
breathing, heart beating).
Types of Muscles
• The three types of muscle tissue are:
1. Skeletal (attached to your bones)
2. Cardiac (only in your heart)
3. Smooth (in digestive system and
blood vessels)
Types of Muscles
How Do You Move?
• The skeleton provides support for
muscles.
• A muscle usually connects to at least
two different bones.
• Tendons connect bones to muscles
and do not stretch as much as
ligaments.
Opposing Muscle Groups
• Flexion is the bending of a
limb that decreases the
angle between the bones of
the limb.
Opposing Muscle Groups
• Extension is the straightening
of a limb that increases the
angle between the bones of the
limb.
Opposing Muscle Groups
9.1 The Musculoskeletal System
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
1. Which of the following does
not make up bone tissue?
A calcium
B cells
C smooth tissue
D collagen
9.1 The Musculoskeletal System
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
2. What is the term for the
location where bones connect?
A joints
B tendons
C ligaments
D cartilage
9.1 The Musculoskeletal System
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
3. What does the slight contraction of
triceps contribute to the contraction of
the biceps during flexion?
A adds strength to the motion
B keeps the bicep from contracting too
much
C keeps the elbow in its proper place
D makes the motion smooth and
controlled
4. What reduces friction between
bones?
A cartilage
B ligaments
C tendons
D joints
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
5. What type of muscle tissue can be
found in your internal organs, such
as your stomach?
A voluntary
B cardiac
C skeletal
D smooth
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
6. What movement decreases the
angle between the bones of a limb?
A extension
B contraction
C flexion
D relaxation
SCI 5.c
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
7. What is the term for the movement
in which all the muscle filaments
move away from each other?
A contraction
B flexion
C extension
D relaxation
SCI 6.h
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
8. Which joints allow the greatest
range of motion?
A hinge joint
B ball-and-socket joint
C pivot joint
D gliding joint
SCI 6.h
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
9. Where can you find a pivot joint?
A shoulder
B thumb
C wrist
D neck