Download Skeletal Muscles Types of Mvmt.Disorders Part 4

Types of Muscle Movements
Produced by Skeletal Muscle
Contraction
Shapes of bones, type of joint, dictates
movement in several or 2 directions
Flexion
Abduction
Extension
Adduction
Dorsiflecion
Rotation
Plantar Flexion
Supination
Pronation
FLEXION
Movement that makes > between bones at
their joints smaller than it was to start
EXTENSION
Actions opposite/antagonistic
to flexions. Movement that
makes the > between bones at
their joints larger. Straightening
and stretching.
DORSIFLEXION
Movement that elevates top
(dorsum) of foot & tilts it up.
Stand on heels
PLANTAR FLEXION
Movement that directs
bottom of foot downward.
Stand on toes
ABDUCTION
Moving body part away from midline
(what muscles are involved?)
ADDUCTION
Moving body part to midline
(What muscles are involved?)
ROTATION
Moving around a longitudinal axis
SUPINATION
Palm of hand turned to anterior
position (anatomical)
PRONATION
Palm of hand turned to posterior
position
Specific Facts about Key Muscle Groups
Flexors: muscles that flex (make angle between 2
bones smaller) produce walking, sitting, swimming,
typing movements.
Extensors: Also function in above movements but
most important in maintaining posture (tonic
contraction).
Muscles move bones and the bones they move
are their insertion bones.
MUSCLE DISORDERS
Affect many body systems
Muscular Dystrophy:
long lasting progressive
disease of wasting and
weakening of muscles.
•Paralysis: muscles ok, brain/spinal
cord message can’t activate muscles
•Muscle Atrophy: muscles decrease in size
from non use (ex. w/ cast, bedridden,
paralysis)
•Muscle Hypertrophy: Increase of muscle
mass due to increased use/exercise
Additional contractile proteins
appear to be incorporated into
existing myofibrils (chains of
sarcomeres within a muscle
cell). Limit to how large a
myofibril can become: at some
point, they split. These events
appear to occur within each
muscle fiber. Hypertrophy
results from the growth of each
muscle cell, not an increase in
the # of cells.
Myasthenia Gravis: ?cause may involve defect in
body’s immune system and lack of communication
between nerves & muscles. Progressive muscle
weakness paralysis death due to paralysis of
respiratory muscles
Commonly affects muscles that
control eye and eyelid
movement. 1st symptoms
noticed may be eyelid drooping
and/or blurred or doubled
vision. Starts with ocular
myasthenia, majority will
develop weakness in other
muscle groups within 1-2 yrs.
Though anyone can develop
myasthenia gravis, those most likely
to do so are women between age 20
and 40 or men between 50 and 70.
Difficult for you to chew, swallow,
smile, shrug, lift your arm up, grip,
rise to a stand, or walk up stairs.
When the muscles necessary for
breathing are affected, a patient
is said to be in myasthenic crisis.
This is a life-threatening situation.
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS
Injection < 5ml  Deltoid (2 fingers below
acromion process & lateral to tip of acromion
Injection > 5ml  Gluteal area (into gluteal
medius near center of upper-outer quadrant,
avoiding sciatic nerve and gluteal blood
vessels).