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Anatomy & Physiology Mid Term Review Reviewing Units 1-4 Chapters 1-6 The scapula is part of the Skull upper extremity pelvis sternum lower extremity Which of the following is the most serious type of burn? First degree Second degree Third degree TRUE OR FALSE. Most feedback loops in the body are positive feedback loops. TRUE OR FALSE. Homeostasis is the balance the body tries to maintain by keeping its internal environment relatively constant. TRUE OR FALSE. The legs are part of the axial division of the body. TRUE OR FALSE. The supine position is a position in which the body is lying face down. TRUE OR FALSE. The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop? childbirth restoring body temperature when a person becomes chilled excretion of larger than normal amounts of urine when the volume of fluid in the body is greater than the normal, ideal amount decreased appetite when stomach is full Which of the following is NOT a component of a feedback loop? Control center effector sensor target The smallest "living" unit of structure and function in our body is: the organelle the cell the organ the organ system the organism Which of the following is true of the brain? It is located in the ventral and cranial cavities. It is located in the ventral and spinal cavities. It is located in the dorsal and spinal cavities. It is located in the dorsal and cranial cavities. It is located in the ventral and pelvic cavities. Glycogen is an example of a: carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans): superior and caudal inferior and cranial inferior and cephalad anterior and ventral anterior and dorsal The skin in most individuals makes up approximately what percent of the individual's total body weight? 5% 15% 30% 50% 75% All of the following are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT: protection movement calcium storage blood cell formation all the above Which of the following orientation terms have the opposite meanings in humans: superficial and proximal distal and proximal medial and distal medial and anterior posterior and intermediate The word derived from two Greek words meaning “a cutting up” is: a.physiology b.homeostasis c.anatomy d.dissection The study of how the body functions is called: a.physiology b.homeostasis c.anatomy d.dissection The relationship between the knee and the ankle can be described as: a.the knee is inferior to the ankle b.the knee is distal to the ankle c.the knee is proximal to the ankle d.both A and B above The relationship between the skin and the muscles can be described as: a.the skin is superficial to the muscle b.the muscle is superficial to the skin c.the muscle is deep to the skin d.both A and C above The spinal cavity is part of the: a.dorsal cavity b.ventral cavity c.cranial cavity d.none of the above A frontal section through the head would divide: a.the forehead from the chin b.the nose from the back of the head c.the right eye from the left eye d.none of the above The relationship between an organ and organ system is similar to the relationship between a cell and: a.an organism b.the cellular level of organization c.a tissue d.none of the above Which of the following is not controlled by a negative feedback loop? a.body temperature b.blood oxygen concentration c.fluid levels of the body d.blood clot formation TRUE/FALSE The cell is the smallest living structural unit of the body. TRUE/FALSE Because humans walk upright, superior and superficial mean the same thing. TRUE/FALSE Because humans walk upright, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing. TRUE/FALSE The skin is superficial to the ribs. TRUE/FALSE The arms and legs are part of the appendicular body portion. Explain the concept of homeostasis. Why is this so important to the survival of the body? The red bone marrow is important in the skeletal function of: a.protection b.support c.hematopoiesis d.storage The strong fibrous membrane covering the shaft of the long bone is called the: a.diaphysis b.epiphysis c.periosteum d.endosteum Trabeculae are: a.needlelike threads of spongy bone b.the basic structure of cartilage c.the basic structure of compact bone d.the basic structure of bone marrow The bone cells in the Haversian system are found in little spaces called: a.central canal b.canaliculi c.lacunae d.none of the above Cartilage cells are called: a.osteoclasts b.osteocytes c.osteoblasts d.chondrocytes The bone-resorbing cells are called: a.osteoclasts b.osteocytes c.osteoblasts d.chondrocytes The section of the vertebral column that contains the most vertebrae is the: a.cervical section b.thoracic section c.lumbar section d.sacrum section The metacarpals are the bones of the: a.wrist b.foot c.ankle d.none of the above The tarsals are the bones of the: a.wrist b.foot c.ankle d.none of the above The knee is an example of a(n): a.amphiarthritic joint b.synarthrotic joint c.diarthrotic joint d.none of the above Which bone is not part of the coxal bone? a.sacrum b.pubis c.ischium d.ilium Straightening a bent elbow is: a.flexion b.rotation c.abduction d.extension e.adduction f.circumduction Moving part of the body toward the midline of the body is: a.flexion b.rotation c.abduction d.extension e.adduction f.circumduction Explain the function of the following cells: osteoblast, osteoclasts, and epiphyseal plates. What is osteoporosis? How can it be prevented or treated? The membrane covering the lungs is called the: a.visceral pleura b.visceral peritoneum c.parietal pleura d.parietal peritoneum Which of the following is not a mucous membrane? a.Lining of the respiratory tract b.Lining of the blood vessels c.Lining of the digestive tract d.All of the above are examples of mucous membranes The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the: a.dermal papillae b.stratum germinativum c.stratum corneum d.subcutaneous layer The upper region of the dermis containing parallel rows of tiny bumps is called the: a.dermal papillae b.stratum germinativum c.stratum corneum d.subcutaneous layer The small muscle attached to the hair is called the: a.hair papilla b.lanugo c.arrector pili d.hair root The receptor in skin that detects pressure is the: a.Krause’s end bulb b.pacinian corpuscle c.Meissner’s corpuscle d.free nerve endings The glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion are the: a.sebaceous glands b.eccrine glands c.apocrine glands d.endocrine glands Which of the following is not a function of skin? a.Protection b.Temperature regulation c.Sense organ for the body d.All of the above are functions of skin Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the integumentary system? a.Hair b.Skin c.Nails d.All of the above are appendages Which of the following is true of the epidermis? a.It is the outermost layer of skin. b.It is thicker than the dermis. c.It is made up of connective tissue. d.All of the above are true of the epidermis. Chapter 4 lists two organ systems important in the regulation of the acid-base balance. Name the two organ systems. The skeletal system contains about: a.157 bones b.326 bones c.411 bones d.206 bones The accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except: a.teeth b.hair c.nails d.sweat glands The DNA replicates itself during: a.interphase b.prophase c.anaphase d.telophase Protein synthesis consists of the process of: a.mitosis b.translation c.transcription d.both B and C above The main difference between active and passive transport is: a.the amount of material moved b.the direction in which the material is moved c.whether cell energy is required d.the type of cell involved If a 5% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a membrane that was permeable to both water and glucose: a.glucose would move from the 5% solution to the 10% solution b.water would move from the 5% solution to the 10% solution c.the movement of glucose between the two solutions would be equal d.water would move from the 10% solution to the 5% solution The ideal body-fat percentage is considered to be: a.8% to 12% for men and 12% to 15% for women b.12% to 18% for men and 25% to 30% for women c.12% to 18% for men and 18% to 24% for women d.18% to 24% for both men and women What type of tissue is cardiac tissue? a.epithelial tissue b.connective tissue c.muscle tissue d.nervous tissue Name and describe the phases of mitosis.