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Muscular System- Rehab Therapy MUSCULAR SYSTEM If you weigh 120 pounds, how much of the weight is muscle? Approximately 50 pounds MUSCLE TISSUE- 3 Types SKELETAL- attached to bone, voluntary, straited (because of stripes & straie) CARDIAC- heart muscle SMOOTH- nonstraited, involuntary, found in visceral(organs) and blood vessel walls FUNCTION OF MUSCLES- to contract and lengthen SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION 1) MOVEMENT 2) POSTURE- MUSCLE TONE 3) HEAT PRODUCTION MOVEMENT Muscles move bones by pulling on them, shortening and contracting. The muscle that is the main one responsible for movement is called the PRIME MOVER. The other muscles that help are called SYNERGISTS. When prime movers & synergists contract, other muscles called ANTAGONISTS relax. When antagonists contract they produce movement opposite to prime movers & synergists. POSTURE Tonic Contractions- does not move any body part, holds them in position. This is known as posture. Isometric Contractions- muscle does not shorten & no movement occurs. Ex.- pushing against a wall Isotonic contraction- produces movement at a joint such as walking, running or breathing Twitch contraction- quick jerky contraction Tetanic contraction- more sustained contraction than a twitch. This is where the name tetanus comes from because of the severe cramping also known as “lock-jaw”. TENDONS Dense fibrous connective tissue that acts as cords, connects muscle to bone BURSAE Small fluids filled sacs that lie between some tendons & bones Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae Bursae lined with synovial membrane which secretes a fluid (synovial) that fills the bursae This fluid acts as a cushion MOVEMENTS Flexion- movement that makes a joint angle smaller Extension- movement that makes joint angle larger Abduction- moving body part away from the midline; “abduct” Adduction- moving body part toward the midline; “add” ROTATION Moving around longitudinal axis example: “shaking your head no” Supination- turn palm of hand anterior or up as with the anatomical position Pronation- turn the palm to posterior position or down Dorsiflexion- elevate top of foot toward knee Plantarflexion- point foot downward as if you are standing on toes LIGAMENTS Strong fibrous connective tissue that grows out of the periosteum & connects two bones together. MUSCULAR DISORDERS Muscular dystrophy- progressive wasting away of muscles Muscular atrophy- muscle shrinkage. Why would this occur? Muscular hypertrophy- increase in muscle size Paralysis Injury to brain or spinal cord in which muscles cannot contract Hemiplegia- paralysis on side Paraplegia- paralysis waist down Quadraplegia- paralysis from neck down Three parts of a muscle Body- main part of the muscle origin insertion ORIGIN Muscle Attaches to relatively stationary bone INSERTION Muscle attaches to part of bone that moves REFER TO HANDOUT ON INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES- DISCUSS