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Learning Objectives Explain, with the use of diagrams, the process of breathing Examine Respiratory Tissue slides under the microscope and Identify tissue types within them Mechanism of breathing … Movement of the ribcage and diaphragm ventilate the lungs. This is important: Inspiration (inhalation) brings fresh supplies of O2 to maintain the O2 concentration gradient. Expiration (exhalation) removes waste air with its cargo of CO2 to maintain the CO2 gradient. Movement of respiratory gases is by diffusion so it is driven by concentration differences. Inspiration External intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribcage upwards and outwards. Diaphragm contracts, pulling it from a domed to a flattened shape. Combined effect is: volume of the thorax and lungs increase pressure is reduced air enters, goes down the pressure gradient. Expiration - relaxed External intercostal muscles relax and the ribcage falls under its own weight. Diaphragm relaxes and gut pressure pushes it back into its domed shape. Elastic recoil of lung tissue. Combined effect is: volume of the thorax and lungs decrease pressure is increased air is forced out. Expiration - forced Internal intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribcage down and in. Abdominal muscle contracts pushing the diaphragm upwards. Combined effect is: volume of the thorax and lungs decrease pressure is increased air is forced out. Exercise, singing, playing a wind instrument. To Do: Draw diagrams to explain the process of breathing. Help yourself to a Microscope and examine slide of lung tissue under high magnification – What tissues do you expect to see? Can you identify some of these tissues? bronchiole and alveolar tissue Alveolar space Lumen or airway Alveolar wall cell (nucleus purplish stain) Smooth muscle Capillary – blood vessels have been injected with dye Epithelium – ciliated in bronchiole but not respiratory Trachea Ciliated epithelium Cilia Elastic tissue Goblet cell Blood vessel with numerous blood cells clearly visible Smooth muscle Cartilage – chondrocytes clearly visible PREP The content of today’s lesson (found on page 46 – 49) to be written up, in the format of your choice, in your Prep Books To be completed and checked by next lesson (Monday)