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TEST- THURSDAY APRIL 2!! Pages 169 - 171 1A) Flexion 1B) Plantarflexion 1C) aBduction = AWAY 1D) Dorsiflexion Pages 157 – 158 Muscles work with the skeletal system to produce movement Muscles help us to maintain our posture Muscles generate heat by contracting Muscles stabilize our joints Page 155 Skeletal muscle: voluntary, striated Cardiac muscle: involuntary, striated Smooth muscle: involuntary, no striations Page 173 L = location A = action D = direction of fibers S = shape N = number of origins O = origin & insertion R = relative size Page 168 Attachment to the stationary bone (immovable or less movable bone) is called the ORIGIN Page171 Prime mover: muscle that “gets all the credit” Synergist: helps the prime mover by producing the same movement Antagonist: does the opposite of the prime mover Pages 183 & 185 7A) Masseter & Temporalis 7B) Sternocleidomastoid 7C) Zygomaticus 7D) Trapezius Page 183 & 185 8A) Quadriceps group 8B) Tibialis anterior 8C) Gastrocnemius 8D) Deltoid Page 156 Fascia layers of connective tissue covering and separating muscles EPIMYSIUM: covers entire muscle PERIMYSIUM: covers a bundle of fibers (the fascicle) ENDOMYSIUM: covers each muscle fiber Page 158 and Page 156 The contractile units are called SARCOMERES! Bundles of myofibers = fascicle Page 158 The thin filaments slide inward toward the center of the sarcomere and the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments are completely overlapped. Pages 160 – 161 1) the axon terminal of the nerve cell NEURON 2) The sarcolemma of the muscle cell MYOFIBER Pages 160 – 161 Nerve impulses stimulate the release of the neurotransmitter ACh which is a chemical message sent across the synaptic cleft to the sarcolemma. Contraction Cram NOTES toxin BOTOX blocks the release of the neurotransmitter ACh and temporarily PARALYZES the muscle Botulinum Page 158 Thick (MYOSIN) and thin (ACTIN) filaments OVERLAP each other in a pattern that creates striations Answer the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES to be turned in on WEDNESDAY APRIL 1st. Short Answer Essays: #’s 1 (P 157), 2 (P 155), 3 (P 158), 4 (P 156), 5 (P 156) Short Answer Essays: #’s 16 (P 183 – 185), 17 (P 175), 18 (P 181) , 19 (P 181) At the Clinic: #’s 1, 2, 3 (you should already have the answers to these questions) Review the following Diagrams: A Skeletal Muscle Fascia (Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium) B Sarcomere Anatomy C Neuromuscular Junction Basics D Muscles Diagram – Review all Muscles! 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Tendon Epimysium Endomysium Perimysium Fascicle Myofiber 1. Z disc H zone 3. M line 4. A band 8. sarcomere 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Neuron Mitochondrion (mitochondria) Synaptic cleft Myofiber (sarcolemma) ACh neurotransmitter sarcomere