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Unit 4
Chapter 29
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chapter 29
 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Lesson 1
 Preventing STD’s
STD’s: The Silent Epidemic
 Epidemic – is and outbreak of an infectious
disease that affects large population
 About 20 million new cases of STD’s are
reported in America each year (CDC)
 STD’s are often called the “Silent Epidemic”
STD’s and Adolescents
 Having more than one sexual partner rather
that committing to a single, long-term
relationship
 Engaging in unprotected sex
 Selecting partners at higher risk, history of
multiple sex partners
 Drugs and alcohol lower inhibitions
STD’s and Your Future
 Some STD’s cause Sterility (the inability to
reproduce)
 Infants born to mothers with STD’s can be
infected at birth and suffer consequences
such as blindness, and deformities
 Individuals with STD’s are at a greater risk to
develop cancer and acquire AIDS
Practicing Abstinence
 Having sex during the teen years can lead to
other unwanted consequences as well,
including and unplanned or unintentional
pregnancy and the responsibility of becoming
a parent
 Abstinence – the conscious decision to avoid
harmful behaviors, including sexual activity
before marriage and the use of tobacco,
alcohol, and other drugs
Lesson 2
 Common STD’s and Their Treatments
Chlamydia
 Chlamydia – is an infection caused by a bacterium
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that affects the vagina in females and the urethra in
males
Symptoms – (male) pain and burning during
urination, unusual discharge from the penis
Symptoms – (female) symptoms not always obvious,
may include discharge from the vagina, pain in the
pelvic region, and painful urination
Can lead to nongonococcal urethritis
Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Gonorrhea
 Gonorrhea – caused by bacteria that affect the
genital mucous membrane, primarily in the lining of
the urethra of the male and in the cervix and vagina
of the female
 Symptoms – are not always obvious, especially in
females, female symptoms may include: a slight
discharge from the vagina, burning sensation during
urination, abnormal menstruation, and abdominal
pain
 Symptoms – males: whitish discharge from the penis
and burning sensation during urination, lymph nodes
in the groin may also become enlarged and tender
Trichomoniasis
 Trichomoniasis – is a vaginal infection that
can lead to urethra and bladder infections
 Males are rarely affected by trichomoniasis,
but they can be carriers
Genital Warts
 Genital warts – are pink or reddish warts with
cauliflowerlike tops that appear on the
genitals
 Once infected the person has the virus for the
rest of his or her life
 Known to cause cervical cancer in women
Genital Herpes
 Genital herpes – appears as a blister-like
sores in the genital area
 There is no cure for the herpes virus
 Symptoms include fever and burning
sensation during urination
 Virus may spread to other areas of the body
Syphilis
 Syphilis – is an STD that attacks many parts of the
body and is caused by a small bacterium
 Dangerous because syphilis develops in stages, and
symptoms may appear then go away. The carrier
thinks that they are ok, when in fact they are in
serious medical danger
 Symptoms – damage to vital organs, such as the
heart, the liver, the kidneys, and the central nervous
system. It can cause heart disease, blindness,
paralysis, and insanity
Stages of Syphilis
 Primary Stage: a chancre sore appears on the genitals, that is
painless and reddish in color. Sore lasts 1 to 5 weeks then goes
away if left untreated
 Secondary Stage: if untreated, pathogen circulates in the
blood. Within 1 to 6 months a non-itching rash appears on the
chest, backs of the arms, and legs. In females rash most
commonly found on the outer edges of the vagina
 Latent Stage: begins about 2 to 3 years from infection. All
signs disappear, disease attacks the heart, blood vessels and
central nervous system
 Neurosyphilis Stage: happens 10 to 30 years from infection,
heart, brain, and spinal cord affected. Inability to control
muscular coordination, blindness, or insanity. May experience
convulsions and paralysis
Other STD’s
 Chancroid
 Candidiasis
 Pubic Lice
 Scabies
 Hepatitis B, C
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which
is the virus that causes AIDS
Responsibilities of Infected Persons
 Seek treatment
 Inform all future sexual partners of any
disease that you may have contracted
 Sexual protection through the use of latex
condoms or other protective devices
Chapter 30
HIV and AIDS
Lesson 1
 HIV Infection
AIDS and HIV
 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) – is the final stage of the infection of
the HIV virus. Destroys the immune system
that fights off disease
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – is a
virus hat attacks the body’s immune system
HIV and the Body
 Attacks the body’s lymphocytes that are
responsible for removing foreign bacteria and
viruses from the body
 Destroys these lymphocytes and the body
loses the ability to fight off disease
How HIV Is Transmitted
 HIV is transmitted by the passing of body
fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal
secretions, and breast milk
Risk Behaviors Known to Transmit
HIV
 Use of needles for intravenous drug use
 Unprotected sexual intercourse
 Blood transfusions
 Pregnant women can pass the disease to the
child by way of the umbilical chord
Teenagers at Risk
 HIV infection among teens is on the rise
 AIDS is now the leading cause of death in 25
– 44 year olds. Most of these deaths came
from people who were infected as teens
 AIDS is now the leading cause of death for
women in 15 of the largest cities in the U.S.
Lesson 2
 Treatment for HIV-Related Illnesses and
AIDS
HIV Testing
 If you are involved in high risk sexual or drug
related behavior, you should get tested
 EIA – is a test that screens for the presence
of HIV antibodies in the blood
 Confirmatory Test – follows the EIA test, a
accurate test used to confirm the results of a
reactive EIA test
Symptoms of HIV Infection
 Asymptomatic Stage : a period of months or
years during which the virus is present on the
blood but there are no symptoms or signs of
the disease
 Symptomatic Stage : include fever, rash,
headache, body aches, and swollen glands
(may be mistaken for the flu)
Diagnosis of AIDS
 AIDS is a disorder associated with the last
stages of HIV
 Diagnosed when the body’s T-Cell count falls
below 200
 Person dies from other infectious diseases
such as flu, cancer, bronchitis, or other
serious illnesses (AIDS-OIs)
Common AIDS-OIs
 Mycobacterium Avium Complex
 Cryptococcosis
 Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
 Toxoplasmosis Gondii
 Cytomegalovirus
 AIDS-Related Cognitive Motor Dysfunction
 Peripheral Nerve/ Spinal Cord Dysfunction
Research and Treatment
 Research for a vaccine is on going
 There is no current cure for HIV, which will
ultimately cause death
 Protease inhibitors, Zidovudine (AZT) and
3TC have reduced the amount of HIV virus
produced by the body, but they are not a
cure!
Obstacles to Research and
Treatment
 HIV is a retrovirus which is difficult to combat
 Lack of appropriate animal models to
experiment vaccines on
 Affordability of treatment – the HIV Cocktail is
very expensive
AIDS Education
 AIDS is pandemic which means that it’s
outbreak is world wide
 Education on how the disease is spread and
preventative measures could help slow the
spread of AIDS
Abstinence and HIV/AIDS
 Staying away form sexual activity and drug use is the
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only full-proof method of preventing contracting HIV
Choose your relationships carefully
Learn and practice refusal skills
Be informed of your partners past sexual history
Inform your partner of your past sexual history