Download Why Biosafety Practices?

ACADs (08-006) Covered
4.21.5
4.21.5.1
4.21.5.4
5.21.5.6
5.21.5.7
Keywords
Laboratory safety, eye protection, protective clothing, storing chemicals, labeling chemicals,
eyewash, showers.
Description
Supporting Material
An overview of Laboratory
Safety
Biosafety
Dr. John Ridderhof
Chief, Office of Laboratory Systems Development
Division of Laboratory Systems/PHPPO
Presentation Outline
• Definitions
• General Safety Practices
• Laboratory Hazards
– Biosafety Levels
• Decontamination
• Waste Disposal
• Safety Documentation
• Action Plan for Safety
Introduction
Why Biosafety Practices?
Protection:
• workers
• “products”
• co-workers
• lab support personnel
• environment
2.1
Safety practices should be applied
throughout the testing process:
• Pre- analytical
– Specimen collection
– Specimen preparation
– Specimen transport
• Analytical
– Testing
• Post-analytical
– Disposal
Examples of Laboratory Hazards
Operation / Equipment
• Needles
• Centrifuge
• Water baths
Hazard
 Accidental inoculation,
aerosol, spillage
 Aerosols, splashing,
tube breakage
 Growth of
microorganisms
Safety Resources
Safety Resources
Introduction
Chain of Infection
Reservoir of pathogen
Portal of escape
Transmission
Route of entry/infectious dose
Susceptible host
Incubation period
2.1
Principles
Biosafety Levels
• BSL1 - agents not known to cause disease.
• BSL2 - agents associated with human disease.
• BSL3 - indigenous/exotic agents with potential for aerosol
transmission; disease may have serious or lethal
consequences.
• BSL4 - dangerous/exotic agents which pose high risk of lifethreatening disease.
2.1
Designing for Safety
• General requirements
– Facility design
– Water supply/sinks for hand washing
– Ventilation
– Standard lab practices
• Safety equipment
– Personal protective equipment (PPE)
– Biosafety cabinets
Biological Safety Cabinets
HAZARD ?
2.7
Biosafety Level 1
Standard Microbiological Practices
• Restrict or limit access
when working
• Prohibit eating, drinking
and smoking in the
laboratory
• Pipetting by mouth strictly
forbidden
2.3
Biosafety Level 1
Standard Microbiological Practices
2.3
Standard practices also include:
•
•
•
•
•
Keep work areas uncluttered and clean
No food in lab refrigerator
Minimize splashes and aerosols
Decontaminate work surfaces daily
Maintain insect & rodent control program
Biosafety Level 2
Facility Design (Secondary Barriers)
Requirements:
 Laboratories have lockable doors
 Sink for hand washing
 Work surfaces easily cleaned
 Bench tops are impervious to water
 Sturdy furniture
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)
• BSL-1 Facilities PLUS:
– Autoclave available
– Eyewash station
available
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Facility Construction (Secondary Barrier)
Requirements:
– Location - separated from public areas
– Structure - normal construction
– Ventilation - directional
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers)
In addition to BSL-1:
• Use biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with
infectious agents involving:
– Aerosols and splashes
– Large volumes
– High concentrations
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Special Practices
•Needles & Sharps
Precautions
Use sharps containers
– DON’T break, bend, resheath or reuse
–
syringes or needles
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Special Practices
Needles & Sharps Precautions (cont.)
• DON’T place needles or sharps in office waste
containers
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Special Practices
Needles and Sharps Precautions (cont.)
– DON’T touch broken glass with hands
2.4
Biosafety Level 2
Special Practices
• Identify “clean” and “contaminated”
areas
– Use appropriate warning signs
• Decontaminate work surfaces
• Report spills and accidents
• Remove gloves, lab coats before leaving
work area
• No animals in laboratories
2.4
Biosafety Level 3
Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)
• BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS:
– Separate building or isolated zone
– Double door entry
– Directional inward airflow
– Single-pass air; 10-12 air changes/hour
2.5
Biosafety Level 3
Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)
• BSL-1 and 2 Facilities PLUS (cont.):
–Enclosures for aerosol generating
equipment
–Room penetrations sealed
–Walls, floors and ceilings are
water resistant for easy cleaning
2.5
Biosafety Level 3
Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers)
• BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS:
– BSC class
II or III to
manipulate
infectious
material
2.5
Biosafety Level 3
Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers)
• BSL-1 and 2 Safety Equipment PLUS:
– Respiratory protection may be indicated
2.5
Biosafety Level 3
Special Practices
• BSL-2 Special Practices PLUS:
– Work in certified BSC
– Use bioaerosolcontaining equipment
– Decontaminate spills
promptly
2.5
Biosafety Level 4 – Maximum
Containment
• BSL -3 practices plus:
– Clothing change before entering laboratory
– Shower on exit
– All materials decontaminated on exit from facility
• Safety Equipment:
– Class III Biosafety cabinet
– Class I or II biosafety cabinet
– WITH full-body, air supplied,
• positive personnel suit
Biological Waste
•
Types
– cultures, stocks, isolates
– materials containing or contaminated with blood
– sharps
– pipettes, wrappers, tips
– All materials used in the lab
Specimen Disposal
Decontamination
• Sterilization
• Disinfection
Decontamination
Definition
•
Sterilization
The use of a physical or chemical procedure to
destroy all microbial life, including large numbers
of highly resistant bacterial spores.
Decontamination
Definition
•
Disinfection
The use of a physical or chemical procedure to
virtually eliminate all recognized pathogenic
microorganisms but not all microbial forms
(bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects.
Decontamination
Methods
•
•
•
Heat
Chemical
Radiation
Decontamination
Heat
•
Types
– Moist – steam
– Dry
– Incineration
*The most effective method of sterilization
Decontamination
Chemical
•
Types
– Liquids, i.e. chlorox,
hydrogen peroxide
– Gases, i.e. ethylene oxide
Decontamination
Chemical
•
General Lab Use - Hypochlorite Solutions
– Large Spills/Large Organic Load
• undiluted from bottle
– Small Spills/Virus Inactivation
• 10% - 1:9
– General Surface Disinfection
• 1% - 1:99
In case of a spill
• Wear disposable gloves
• Cover large blood spill with paper towels and
soak with 1% (10000 ppm) of household
bleach and allow to stand for at least 5
minutes
• Small spill - wipe with paper towel soaked in
1% bleach
• Discard contaminated towels in infective
waste containers
• Wipe down the area with clean towels soaked
in a same dilution of household bleach
Safety Documentation & Records
• Laboratory Safety Manual - Policies and Procedures
• Sample Contents:
– Housekeeping
– Personal protection
– Safe decontamination of equipment
– Decontamination & Waste Disposal
– Emergency procedures
 In-lab first aid
 Accidental injury
 Post exposure prophylaxis
 Contacts
– Personnel responsibilities
Hygiene
Action Plan for Implementing
Safety Practices
• Identify hazards
• Assess level of risks
– Prioritize risk
• Establish and implement safety polices and
procedures
• Conduct safety specific training
– Must be a priority
– Communication is key
• Perform regular audits and assessments
In Case of Exposure
•
•
•
Be ready for the emergency before hand
- Familiar with exposure specific policies
- Conduct drills
- Keep post exposure medicines available
- Check periodically for stock and expiry of
medicines
Report immediately
Go to the nearest, first available doctor
Post Exposure
• Write a report and reasons for accident
• Actions taken to avoid future accidents
• Training
Thank you