Download Tuberculosis Presentation

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Decline
•During 2000, a total of 16,377 cases of
tuberculosis (TB) (5.8 cases per
100,000 of population) were reported to
CDC from the 50 states and the District
of Columbia, representing a 7%
decrease from 1999 and a 39%
decrease from 1990. In 1992 there was
a resurgence of TB in the United States.
Reported Cases
Ethnicity
Source: CDC
Rate per Population
Source: CDC
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
(TB)
•A slow growing bacteria that primarily
affects the respiratory tract of humans.
•Other areas that can be affected:
TB Growth
•What happens after the bacteria have
entered the body?
They begin to grow in the alveoli (small air
sacs) of the lungs and then spread
throughout the lung and body.
1 Lung Anatomy
5
3
4
Source: CDC
Incubation
•What is the usual incubation period?
2-10 weeks for TB infection
Up to 2 years for TB disease (highest risk)
•TB infected, Latent TB:
Positive Skin Test-not contagious
•TB disease/active:
Showing symptoms and is highly
contagious
Treatment
•Multidrug resistant
They are trying many new different drug
combinations to combat the drug-resistant
strains.
•DOT
Directly Observed Therapy
Directly Observed Therapy
•DOT
Directly Observed Therapy
Source: CDC
Testing
•Two major screenings available to the
general population:
Tine Test (3 prong)
PPD (Purified Protein Derivative)
PPD Testing
Source: CDC
Transmission
•Inhalation of infectious particles:
Infectious particles are carried in the air
after an active TB individual speaks,
coughs, sneezes, or certain medical
procedures are performed.
•These particles are called droplet
nuclei.
•1-5 microns/ 1/5000 of an inch in size
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Transmitting Droplets
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Transmitting Droplets
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Inhalation of Droplets
Respirator
•A respirator is a personal protective
device that removes air contaminants
such as dust, mists, and aerosols from
the ambient air.
•The ones used to protect against TB,
filter out material down to 0.3 microns at
95% efficiency (N95).
NIOSH approved
Respirator
Respirator
N 95 NIOSH
Approved
Must be
fit tested
AFB Isolation
•Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) isolation room:
Warning signs
Must be maintained under negative
pressure.
Exhaust air from the isolation room away
from air intakes for the building, usually on
the roof.
Filters
•High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
(HEPA):
Used to filter air for recirculation in an AFB
isolation room at 0.3 microns at 99.97%
efficiency.
Settings at Risk
•High Risk Settings:
Health care settings
Correctional institutions
Homeless shelters
Long-term care facilities for the elderly
Drug treatment centers
Where are your risks?