Download STD Unit 46

Sexually Transmitted Disease Unit 46
Adonis K. Lomibao, R.N.
12/3/11
Objective

Understand the common STD's and identify the
marked characteristics of each.
STD



Most can be treated and cured, but immunity
isn't developed to repeated infections.
Can be transmitted by mucous membrane to
MC contact, MC to skin contact, or skin to MC
contact.
Standard precautions help protect PCT from
contracting disease.
STD Cont.



Patients may be, unaware of the infection, be
too embarrassed to tell about it, not realize the
serious damage diseases can do to the body.
Most common are; gonorrhea, herpes simplex
II, and syphilis.
Others caused by chlamydia, HPV,HIV, and the
trichomonas parasite.
Trichomonas Vaginitis

Caused by a parasite.

May affect male repr. Tract without S&S

In females, causes white, foul-smelling vaginal
discharge (leukorrhea).

Can be controlled with meds.

Both partners will need treatment.
Trichomonas
Gonorrhea

Caused by bacteria.

Causes an acute inflammation.



In male: greenish-yellow discharge within 2-5 days,
burning on urination, can cause sterility.
In female: Most may have no S&S for a while, Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease can lead to formation of
abscesses and sterility.
Antibiotic treatment for partners & silver nitrate for
infants after birth.
Gonorrhea Male
Syphilis

Caused by microorganism Treponema pallidum.

Both sexes show same effects.

In untreated, disease passes through 3 stages.
-1st: a chancre(sore) develops within 90 days. Heals
without treatment.NOT painful.
-2nd stage: may be rash, sore throat, etc. S&S
disappear without treatment. Infectious during 1st & 2nd
stage. Microorganisms spread to heart, liver, brain,
etc.
Syphilis Cont.


3rd Stage: permanent damage to vital organs.
Cognitively impaired but hard to differentiate
from other causes. Occasional painless lesions.
The patient is not infectious.
Syphilis can attack fetus in pregnancy & kill or
seriously deform it.
Syphilis
Herpes

Caused by herpes simplex virus.

S&S Include:
-painful,red, blister-like sores
-sores associated with burning sensation
-heal in 2 weeks.
-fluid in blister is infectious.
-may infect even when outbreak isn't present.
Herpes Cont.

May have one episode, or repeated attacks. Repeated
attacks get milder & milder.

Greater incidence of cervical cancer and miscarriages.

Active case during pregnancy= C-Section


NO CURE. Meds to stop replication of virus to make
an outbreak subside quicker.
Topical creams relieve discomfort & reduce danger of
infection spread.
Herpes
Venereal Warts






Caused by a virus.
Lesions & cauliflower-shaped warts develop on
genitals, skin, and mucous membrane.
Can be removed by surgery or ointments but often
recur.
Discomfort during intercourse & bleeding when
dislodged.
Warts predispose pt. To development of cancerous
changes.
Rapidly growing form of STD's.
Venereal Warts
Chlamydia

Infectious organisms infect mucous membranes.
-Can cause conjunctivitis or Trachoma(can lead to blindness).
-Causes infections of reprod. Tract
-Can cause PID which my result in sterility.
-Similar S&S to Gonorrhea, yellow-white discharge.

-Treated with antibiotics.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus




Viral disease transmitted primarily by infected
bodily secretions like blood, semen,etc.
Destroys the immune system.
NO CURE, but drugs can slow the damage
done.
If progresses and immune system is severely
weakened, it is the stage of AIDS: acquired
immune dificiency syndrome.
Common Diagnostic Tests



Cultures for microorganisms
Pap smear: tests cells from cervix to detect
possible CA of the cervix.
Self-examination:(p.832)
-Female: breast self-exam.
-Male:Testicular self-exam.

Mammography- X-rays of the breasts.
Vaginal Douche


Irrigation of the vagina with fluid or medication done
with physician's order.
Given to:
-remove foul odor or discharge
-stop bleeding
-relieve inflammation and pain
-neutralize vaginal secretions.
-disinfect vagina
-etc. (p 833).