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Transcript
STD 101 Maurice Murray, MPH Dallas County Health & Human Services “A”BSTIENCE Abstinence is not having sex of any kind Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence Levels of Sexual Activity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Talking Touching Hugging Kissing Petting – Above the Waist Petting – Below the Waist Oral sex Intercourse Five Ways Bacteria Enter Our Bodies Physical Contact Puncture Wounds Insect Bites Airborne Carried into Digestive System (from food and drink) Modes of Transmission Contact With Bodily Fluids - Blood and blood products - Semen - Vaginal secretions - Saliva (if there is blood in it) Sexual Intercourse Mother to baby I.V. Drug Use Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis Chlamydia Cases by Age Groups Dallas County 2003-2007 5 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 4 3 2 1 0 <10 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+ Gonorrhea Cases by Age Groups Dallas County 2003-2007 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1500 1000 500 0 <10 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45+ Incubation Period • Time needed for symptoms to appear after initial exposure •Varies from disease to disease Gonorrhea Days 0 2 Time of Exposure 4 6 8 Chlamydia 10 12 14 16 18 20 Male Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Symptoms Burning sensation during urination Pus-like discharge Female Symptoms 80% of infected women have NO symptoms 20% have the following symptoms: - Abdominal Pain - Heavy Discharge - Burning sensation while urinating Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Most common sexually transmitted disease Passed from one person to another by skin-toskin contact during sexual contact Certain strains of HPV can cause cervical cancer Other signs or symptoms are warts at the infection site Herpes Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) Can cause sores around the mouth (oral herpes) and the genitals (genital herpes) Spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact People often transmit herpes without knowing they have it Symptoms of herpes Sores, bumps, blisters, or a rash in genital area Pain or itching around the buttocks or legs Itching or burning during urination “A”BSTIENCE Abstinence is not having sex of any kind Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence Three Stages of Syphilis Primary Stage Secondary Stage Tertiary (late) Stage Primary Stage Symptoms: - Painless chancre sore - No discharge - Disappears in 1 – 5 weeks Any person with sores in INFECTIOUS! Secondary Stage Symptoms: - Sores - Rash - Appear within 3 to 6 months Any person with sores is INFECTIOUS! Tertiary Stage Symptoms - Spinal cord problems - Insanity (Affects Brain) - Heart attacks Appear after infection up to 20 years or longer Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea Signs: discharge and burning sensation Chlamydia Signs: discharge and burning sensation Syphilis Painless sores and general body rash HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Known Modes of Transmission Blood and blood products I.V. Drug Use Bodily fluids Semen Vaginal secretions Saliva (if there is blood in it) Mother to child Before birth After birth (breastfeeding) Casual Contact: NOT a means of transmission •Hand Shake •Hugging •Dry Kissing •Sharing Food •Handling Objects Touched by an Infected Person Test HIV + Test HIV 0 3 mo 6 mo HIV + and AIDS 2 yrs 10 yrs Time of exposure, infected with HIV Virus • NO SYMPTOMS may occur for 6 months to 10 years • Even though there are no symptoms, the person is a CARRIER of the infection • A person with HIV infection can be INFECTIOUS 90 80 70 AIDS Deaths Prevalence 1993 definition implementation 450 400 350 60 300 50 250 40 200 30 20 150 10 50 0 100 1985 19861987 1988 1989 19901991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 20022003 2004 Prevalence (in thousands) No. of cases and deaths (in thousands) AIDS Incidence, Prevalence, and Deaths in U.S. 1985-2004 0 Year of diagnosis or death CDC Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, Texas 1987 N=1,204 1 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, Texas 1997 N=16,184 26 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS, Texas 2007 N=62,805 27 HIV Cases by Age Groups Dallas County 2003-2007 350 2003 2004 2005 5-12 13-19 2006 2007 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 <05 20-29 30-39 40-49 49+ AIDS Cases by Age Groups Dallas County 2003-2007 250 2003 2004 2005 5-12 13-19 2006 2007 200 150 100 50 0 <05 20-29 30-39 40-49 49+ Proportion of High School Students With Four or More Lifetime Sexual Partners by Grade in 2007 10% 17% 18% 29% Grade 9th Grade 10th Grade 11th Grade 12th Proportion of Sexually Active High School Students Who Used a Condom at Last Sex by Grade in 2007 62% 61% 52% 52% Grade 9th Grade 10th Grade 11th Grade 12th Risks and Consequences of Teen Pregnancies Teen mothers have more premature and low birth-weight babies infant death, blindness, deafness, chronic respiratory problems, mental retardation, mental illness, cerebralpalsy, dyslexia, and hyperactivity Risks and Consequences of Teen Pregnancies Continued Children of teen mothers do worse in school than those born to older parents The sons of teen mothers are two times more likely to end up in prison than the sons of mothers aged 20-21 The daughters of young teen mothers are three times more likely to become teen mothers themselves Number of Teen Pregnancies in Texas Ages 15-19 in 2000 80,050 In 2004, The Public Cost of Teen Pregnancies: $1 BILLION DOLLARS Questions or Comments?