Download Proportion of Sexually Active High School Students Who

STD 101
Maurice Murray, MPH
Dallas County Health &
Human Services
“A”BSTIENCE

Abstinence is not having sex of any kind

Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective
way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs

You don't have to be a virgin to practice
abstinence
Levels of Sexual Activity








1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Talking
Touching
Hugging
Kissing
Petting – Above the Waist
Petting – Below the Waist
Oral sex
Intercourse
Five Ways Bacteria Enter
Our Bodies
Physical Contact
 Puncture Wounds
 Insect Bites
 Airborne
 Carried into Digestive System (from food
and drink)

Modes of Transmission




Contact With Bodily Fluids
- Blood and blood products
- Semen
- Vaginal secretions
- Saliva (if there is blood in it)
Sexual Intercourse
Mother to baby
I.V. Drug Use
Bacterial Diseases
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Chlamydia Cases by Age Groups
Dallas County 2003-2007
5
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
4
3
2
1
0
<10
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44
45+
Gonorrhea Cases by Age Groups
Dallas County 2003-2007
2000
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
1500
1000
500
0
<10
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44
45+
Incubation Period
• Time needed for symptoms to appear
after initial exposure
•Varies from disease to disease
Gonorrhea
Days
0
2
Time of Exposure
4
6
8
Chlamydia
10
12
14
16
18
20
Male Gonorrhea and
Chlamydia Symptoms
 Burning
sensation during
urination
 Pus-like discharge
Female Symptoms
80% of infected women have NO symptoms
20%
have the following symptoms:
- Abdominal Pain
- Heavy Discharge
- Burning sensation while urinating
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)




Most common sexually transmitted disease
Passed from one person to another by skin-toskin contact during sexual contact
Certain strains of HPV can cause cervical
cancer
Other signs or symptoms are warts at the
infection site
Herpes
Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
 Can cause sores around the mouth (oral
herpes) and the genitals (genital herpes)
 Spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact
 People often transmit herpes without
knowing they have it

Symptoms of herpes



Sores, bumps,
blisters, or a rash in
genital area
Pain or itching around
the buttocks or legs
Itching or burning
during urination
“A”BSTIENCE

Abstinence is not having sex of any kind

Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective
way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs

You don't have to be a virgin to practice
abstinence
Three Stages of Syphilis

Primary Stage

Secondary Stage

Tertiary (late) Stage
Primary Stage

Symptoms:
- Painless chancre sore
- No discharge
- Disappears in 1 – 5 weeks
Any person with sores in INFECTIOUS!
Secondary Stage

Symptoms:
- Sores
- Rash
- Appear within 3 to 6 months
Any person with sores is INFECTIOUS!
Tertiary Stage

Symptoms
- Spinal cord problems
- Insanity (Affects Brain)
- Heart attacks
Appear after infection up to 20 years or
longer
Bacterial Diseases
 Gonorrhea
Signs:
discharge and burning sensation
 Chlamydia
Signs:
discharge and burning sensation
 Syphilis
Painless
sores and general body rash
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Known Modes of
Transmission



Blood and blood products
I.V. Drug Use
Bodily fluids




Semen
Vaginal secretions
Saliva (if there is blood in it)
Mother to child


Before birth
After birth (breastfeeding)
Casual Contact:
NOT a means of
transmission
•Hand Shake
•Hugging
•Dry Kissing
•Sharing Food
•Handling Objects
Touched by an
Infected Person
Test HIV +
Test HIV
0
3 mo
6 mo
HIV + and AIDS
2 yrs
10 yrs
Time of exposure,
infected with HIV Virus
• NO SYMPTOMS may occur for 6 months to 10 years
• Even though there are no symptoms, the person is
a CARRIER of the infection
• A person with HIV infection can be INFECTIOUS
90
80
70
AIDS
Deaths
Prevalence
1993 definition
implementation
450
400
350
60
300
50
250
40
200
30
20
150
10
50
0
100
1985 19861987 1988 1989 19901991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 19981999 2000 2001 20022003 2004
Prevalence (in thousands)
No. of cases and deaths (in thousands)
AIDS Incidence, Prevalence, and Deaths in U.S.
1985-2004
0
Year of diagnosis or death
CDC
Persons Living with
HIV/AIDS, Texas 1987
N=1,204
1
Persons Living with
HIV/AIDS, Texas 1997
N=16,184
26
Persons Living with
HIV/AIDS, Texas 2007
N=62,805
27
HIV Cases by Age Groups
Dallas County 2003-2007
350
2003
2004
2005
5-12
13-19
2006
2007
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
<05
20-29
30-39
40-49
49+
AIDS Cases by Age Groups
Dallas County 2003-2007
250
2003
2004
2005
5-12
13-19
2006
2007
200
150
100
50
0
<05
20-29
30-39
40-49
49+
Proportion of High School Students With Four or More
Lifetime Sexual Partners by Grade in 2007
10%
 17%
 18%
 29%

Grade 9th
Grade 10th
Grade 11th
Grade 12th
Proportion of Sexually Active High School Students
Who Used a Condom at Last Sex by Grade in 2007
62%
 61%
 52%
 52%

Grade 9th
Grade 10th
Grade 11th
Grade 12th
Risks and Consequences of Teen
Pregnancies

Teen mothers have more premature and
low birth-weight babies

infant death, blindness, deafness, chronic
respiratory problems, mental retardation,
mental illness, cerebralpalsy, dyslexia, and
hyperactivity
Risks and Consequences of Teen
Pregnancies Continued

Children of teen mothers do worse in school
than those born to older parents

The sons of teen mothers are two times more
likely to end up in prison than the sons of
mothers aged 20-21

The daughters of young teen mothers are three
times more likely to become teen mothers
themselves
Number of Teen Pregnancies in
Texas Ages 15-19 in 2000
80,050
In 2004, The Public Cost of Teen Pregnancies:
$1 BILLION DOLLARS
Questions or
Comments?