Download Animal Science

Animal Science
Poor Animal Health
AG-BAS-14-(c, d), ELA10RC4 (a), SB4
AG-BAS-14-e, ELA10RC4 (a), SB4
AG-BAS-14-f, ELA10RC4 (a), SB4
Losses due to poor health
• Death
– Most obvious loss of animals
• Lower production
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Animals fail to breed and bear young
Animals grow slowly
Production is reduced
Products are of lower quality
Increased costs of production
• Human disease
– Brucellosis
– Trichinosis
Health Practices
• Sanitation
– Keep areas where animals raised clean
• Proper Nutrition
– Good nutrition helps an animal resist disease.
• Isolation
– Separating diseased and non-diseased animals.
• Restrict truck and equipment traffic.
– Trucks, farm equipment, and other vehicles can bring
disease to a farm or ranch
Health Practices
• Restrict Human Access
– People who go from farm to farm may carry
diseases on their shoes or boots.
• Preconditioning
– Prepares the animals for stress
• Immunization
– Immunity can be developed in some animals
for certain diseases
Disease responses
• Symptoms – The way a disease shows
itself
• Disease classifications
– Contagious
• A disease that can be spread by direct or indirect
contact of the animals
– Noncontagious
• Disease caused by conditions or substances that
aren’t transferred from one animal to another.
Contagious Causes
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Bacteria
Protozoa
Viruses
Fungi
Parasitic
– Internal
– External
Noncontagious causes
• Injuries
• Poisons
– Pesticides
– Fertilizers
– Substances in plants (prussic acid)
• Faulty body processes
– Milk fever
– Heart failure
– Acetonemia
• result of the high carbohydrate (energy) demand of multiple
fetuses in late pregnancy
• Congenital diseases
• Inadequate nutrition
Infectious diseases
• A disease that gets inside an animal’s
body
– Chronic - afflict animals for a long period of
time
– Acute - afflict animals for a short period of
time
Body system diseases
• A disease that attacks only certain
systems of the body.
– Digestive system diseases
– Genitourinary diseases (reproductive and
urinary systems)
– Respiratory diseases
– Circulatory system diseases
– Nervous system diseases
Common Diseases
• Anaplasmosis - Attack red blood corpuscles. Cattle are
primarily affected.
• Anthrax - Mostly frequently affects cattle on pasture.
Animals have fever, rapid respiration, and swelling on
the neck.
• Blackleg - Primarily affects cattle, though sheep and
goats can get it. Symptoms include high fever, swelling
in the neck and shoulder area, muscles in the neck,
shoulder, and thighs crackle when mashed, loss of
appetite and death.
• Bang’s Disease (brucellosis) - Affects cattle, sheep,
goats, and hogs. Reproductive disease
Common Diseases
• Hog Cholera - Highly contagious viral disease of hogs.
• Coccidiosis - Parasitic disease of poultry.
• Equine Sleeping Sickness - Virus that is transmitted by
insects.
• Foot and Mouth Disease - Highly contagious disease
caused by a virus that affects animals with cloven
(divided) feet.
• Grubs (Warbles) - Internal parasites caused by heel flies.
Affect cattle primarily.
• Leptospirosis - Bacterial disease that affects cattle,
sheep, and most other farm animals
Common Diseases
• Lice - Small blood sucking insects that attack
cattle, hogs, and other species.
• Mastitis - Bacterial infection of the udder of
female cattle, sheep, goats, and swine.
• Roundworms and tapeworms - Stomach and
intestinal worms that can infect all animals.
• Shipping Fever - Environmental disease of cattle
and sheep that is a particular problem for
younger animals
Defenders against disease
• Primary
– Skin
– Mucous membrane
• Secondary
– Antibodies
– Phagocytes
Disease Control
• Immunity
– The ability of an animal to resist a disease.
– Natural immunity
– Acquired immunity
Immunizing agents
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Vaccines
Serums
Bacterins
Toxoids
Getting rid of disease
• Sanitation
• Isolation
• Other cultural practices
Overcoming disease
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Antibodies
Pesticides
Dietary supplements
Medications
– Systemic medicines
– Topical applications
– Internal medicines
Injections
• Giving medicines directly into the
bloodstream
– Subcutaneous injections (under the skin)
– Intramuscular injections (muscle)
– Intravenous injections (veins)
– Intraperitoneal injections (body cavity)
– Intranasal injections (nose)
– Intramammary injections (mammary glands)
Assignment
• Choose 2 diseases we discussed.
• Research to find:
– The cause(s)
– Symptoms
– Treatment(s)
– Damage done – what does it do to the animal
– Pictures – at least 1 per disease
• Create either a PPT or write/type the info
and print pictures