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Correctional Service of Canada Elements of an Effective Substance Abuse Treatment Model for Offenders Part 5: Adjunctive Services Presentation to Caribbean CICAD members St. Lucia November, 2004 Adjunctive Services As discussed previously, offenders typically have multiple need areas Model adopted by the Correctional Service of Canada is to address these multiple needs through multiple interventions and programs Intake assessment determines need areas 2 and assists in prioritizing interventions Step 1: Needs Assessment First step in determining most appropriate adjunctive services is a needs assessment of the target population 3 Profile – Canadian Federal Offenders Education Deficits - 70% of offenders test below grade 8 (CAAT) Employment Problems - 74% have unstable job histories. 69% are unemployed at arrest Decision Making Problems - 80% are poor problem solvers. Many have difficulties managing money Mental Health Problems - 20% have been hospitalized in a mental health facility. 11% have a current psychiatric diagnosis 4 Infectious Diseases (2003) Federal Prison vs. General Population in Canada* CSC HIV HCV Canada 1.9% (N=227) 0.2% 26% (N=3167) 0.9% In CSC prisons, the prevalence of: HIV is 7 to 10 times higher Hepatitis C is 30 times higher than the general Canadian population 5 Step 2: Assessment of Needs Once need areas are identified in the population, important to have mechanism to assess and prioritize those needs 6 Needs Assessment – CSC Offender Intake Assessment Process Timing - during offender intake Includes: a complete profile of the offender’s criminal and social history Rating of static factors related to criminal re-offending Prioritized listing of dynamic factors related to reducing risk of re-offending Sentence-wide Correctional Plan Security classification and initial placement recommendation 7 Offender Intake Assessment Supplementary Assessments (as required) Psychological assessments Substance Abuse assessments Educational and vocational assessments Family violence assessments Sex offender assessments Assessment for Methadone Maintenance Treatment 8 Step 3: Planning Services Need to determine how to deliver adjunctive services Establishment of “in-house” services or engagement of community resources 9 Examples of Adjunctive Services Drug-Free living environments Gender-specific services HIV/AIDS testing and education Life skills development Academic development Employment skills 10 Drug-Free Living Environments Main goal: to provide a positive living environment for offenders who wish to remain free of alcohol and drugs and to support and reinforce offender efforts to change substance abuse behaviour Different models for implementation – program vs. living environment 11 Correctional Service of Canada Intensive Support Units (ISUs) Drug-free living environment Voluntary - offenders sign contract Access available to both offenders who have substance abuse problems as well as those who do not Automatic removal for violation of Unit’s drug-free policy. Offenders can apply for re-entry after 30 day period NOT a program - encourages offenders to participate in programs identified in their Correctional Plan Access to Unit by non-residents can be controlled and monitored Additional security controls to monitor adherence to drug-free unit rules 12 Intensive Support Units (ISUs) Initiative began with 5 pilot sites in February, 2000 Currently have approximately 1,300 ISU beds nationally in 47 institutions Preliminary research has yielded positive results on the impact of the ISU 13 Gender-Specific Services Responsivity factor – women offenders have some unique needs in terms of services required In CSC, have a separate stream of programs for women (e.g., Women Offender Substance Abuse Program (WOSAP) Not feasible in jurisdictions where the number of women offenders is extremely low 14 HIV/AIDS Testing and Education Testing for infectious diseases – legislative restrictions In CSC, have voluntary testing program for offenders Also pilot with public health for anonymous testing 15 HIV/AIDS Testing and Education (cont.) Methods of Education: Awareness programs Pamphlets, brochures Peer education counselling 16 Life Skills Development Can include programming in such areas as problem solving, anger and emotions management, leisure skills, parenting skills, and skills for functioning in the community (e.g., money management) 17 Education Programs In CSC the following education programs are available at all institutions: • Adult Basic Education (Grades 1 to 10) • Secondary Education • Vocational Education • Post-Secondary Education 18 Vocational Education - Examples Agriculture Welding and metal trades Hairdressing Small engine repair Auto mechanics Electronics Carpentry and cabinet-making Plumbing Computer programming 19 Employability Programs “on-the-job training”, usually with some kind of certification provided Employment and career planning programs – problem solving, critical thinking, punctuality, interacting with coworkers, dealing with authourity figures 20 Questions and Comments 21